General Flashcards
The extension of enamel over the bifurcation is …….
considered pathologic (due to increase incidence of periodontal disease) * This means that the CEJ is more than a descriptive term
The distance from alveolar bone crest to the CEJ is ..
1.5 mm
What are the numbering systems?
- Universal
- Palmer
- FDI (federal) 5-6/7-8 for primary, and
1-2/3-4 for permanent
Tooth development involves the interaction between ….. & …….
epithelium and mesenchyme
The morphology and the position of the developing teeth is the outcome of ……..
interaction between protein ligands, transcription factors & receptors
Eruption is …..
continuous tooth movement from the tooth bud to the occlusal contact
The primary dentition is considered complete when ……..
the second primary molar is in occlusion at about the age of 29 months
* Completion of the root of the canine occurs about 3.5 years of age
The emergence of the first permanent molar marks …….
the beginning of the mixed dentition period
* This period ends when all the primary teeth are lost
Cervical ridge is found in ……
buccal surface of the cervical third.
- in all primary teeth, and permanent molars
- Very prominent in primary teeth
Root formation of the primary teeth is completed by …..
3rd year
Unassisted maximum opening is …., while for the maximum for the lateral movement is …..
Maximum protrusion from incisal edge is ……
40+ mm
12 mm
5 mm
Border movement of the mandible is ……
while functional movement ……
- the limits to which the mandible can move
* occur within the border positions
What is the innervation for the TMJ?
- Posterior (bilaminar zone) and lateral TMJ: auriculotemporal n.
- Anterior TMJ: deep temporal n.
* Bilaminar zone is two layers, superior (elastic) and inferior (collagenous)
What are the accessory TMJ ligaments?
- Sphenomandibular ligament: attaches the sphenoid to the lingula
- Stylomandibular ligament: attaches the styloid process to the angle of the mandible
What are the primary ligaments of the TMJ?
- Medial and lateral capsular ligament
2. Temporomandibular ligament (has two fibers arrangement, outer oblique and inner horizontal)
Maximum opening of the mouth means ….. & …… of the condyles
maximum rotation and maximum translation
Hinge rotation occurs in ……., while translational movement occurs in …..
lower joint space
upper joint space
An action or rotation that occurs in one joint may produce a different action at the other. T/F??
True
What is the origin and the insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle??
- Superior head: origin is the greater sphenoid wing. Insertion is the anterior condyle and joint capsule
- Inferior head: origin the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate. Insertion is pterygoid fovea and condylar capsule
What is the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
- Protrude the mandible along the mandibular tubercle
- Depress the mandible (open mouth)
- Individually, they assist the medial pterygoid in lateral movement (side to side)
What is the innervation of the diagastric muscle?
- Anterior head: branch of the mylohyoid muscle (V3)
2. Posterior head: digastric branch of the facial nerve
All teeth are wider faciolingualy than mesiodistally except ………. & …….
lower molars and max. central and lateral incisors
Mand. molars are wider …… than Max. molars
mesiodistally
Ant. Max. incisors are wider …… than lower incisors
mesiodistally
All premolars have one root except ……..
Max. first premolar which has two
The smallest tooth is ……
Mand. central incisor
The longest tooth is …….
Max. canine
The occlusal table of the Max. posteriors is located …….
in the center (faciolingually)
* Equal amount of buccal and lingual surface can be seen from the occlusal
The occlusal table of the Mand. posteriors is located ……
more towards the lingual
- The buccal cusp is more towards the center of the tooth
- The lingual cusp is in line with the lingual profile of root
- 2/3 of buccal surface can be seen from the occlusal view
All teeth are ……. in shape when viewed facially or lingually
trapezoidal
* The long side of the trapezoid is occlusal
Max. teeth when viewed mesially or distally are ……
trapezoidal, with the long side located cervically
* Note that: Mand. teeth look rhomboidal from the same prospective (acute occlusal lingual and buccal cervical angles)
The shape of the occlusal table for all posterior teeth is rhomboidal except ……. & …….
Max & Mand first premolars (trapezoidal)
Generally, the mesial height of contour is more incisal than the distal, except for ……..
Mand. central incisors & premolars
* Same for the mesial contact area
The facial height of contour for the Max. posterior is …….. than for the Mand. posterior
The lingual height of contour for the Mand. posterior is …….. than the Max. posterior
more occlusal
more occlusal
The greatest height of contour is on the lingual surface of ……..
mandibular posterior (about 1 mm) * Generally for the rest of the teeth, it is 0.5 mm
Contact areas between teeth are governed by ………
size, form & alignment of the teeth
There are ……. embrasures per contact area
four (lingual, facial, incisal, gingival)
What are the functions of embrasures?
- Escape route for food
2. Self cleansing for teeth
What are the general forms of embrasures?
- Max. anterior: lingual embrasure greater than facial
- Mand. anterior: facial greater than lingual
- Posterior: generally, the lingual is greater than the facial (except Max. molars)
- The incisal is smaller than the gingival
- Embrasure is missing on the Mand. anterior due to high mesial contacts
CEJ is greater on the …… and becomes less distinct towards the posterior
mesial
* Almost straight for molars
Facial and lingual CEJ curves towards …….
root apex
* Except for the Mand. incisors, where the lingual curve is greater
The greatest mesial CEJ is on ……
the Max. central incisor
The pulp chamber extends into the root about …….
2 mm (below the CEJ) * The chamber follows the outline of the tooth
Mammelons are usually found on …….
the Max. incisors
* Pulp horns extends into the mammelons
The roundest roots in cross section are ……
Max. central & Mand. second premolars
All incisors have more rounded distoincisal angle than the mesioincisal except ……
Mand. central incisor (it is symmetric)
Mand. incisors incisal edge is …… to the labiolingual midpoint, while for the Max. incisors it is ……
lingual
centered
Height of contour for the Mand. incisors are more …….. than for the Max. incisors
incisal
Mand. incisor labial surface is …..
flat (compared to the Max.)
The tooth with the most distinct lingual anatomy between incisors is …….
Max. lateral incisor
The tooth, with the incisal edge not perpendicular to labiolingual bisecting line is ………
Mand. lateral incisor
