general Flashcards
Wernicke encephalopathy is characterized by autonomic instability, oculomotor and gait disturbances, and delirium, which can be precipitated by
glucose infusion prior to thiamine infusion.
MCC of cancer in brain
Secondary brain tumors occur at a much higher incidence than primary CNS tumors, wth highest rates of spread to brain seen in prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, followed by lung cancer, and then colorectal cancer. Among primary CNS tumors, non-malignant meningioma is the most common tumor, followed by pituitary adenomas, and then malignant glioblastoma.
Broca vs wernicke aphasia - area of infract
Broca –> superior division of the MCA
Wernicke –> inferior division of the MCA
suspect pseudotumor cerebri - next step
imaging
Seizure in a febrile child without another precipitating cause can be attributed to the fever. Work-up should …
- …the fever
- rule out serious conditions that can cause fever, but most children with febrile seizures do not go on to develop epilepsy.
methylphenidate - adverse effects such
insomnia, irritability, decreased appetite, tic exacerbation, and decreased growth velocity. In patients who develop vocal or motor tics, stop the medication immediately.
Polysomnography is recommended for evaluating excessive daytime sleepiness when there is suspicion for
obtructive sleep apnea, other sleep-related breathing disorders, periodic limb movement disorder, narcolepsy, and central hypersomnias.
therapy for obstructive sleep apnea.
Weight loss and CPAP –> if persists –> Modafinil
central retinal artery occlusion - fundoscopy,retinal
hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and edema of the fundus.
central retinal artery occlusion - fundoscopy
cherry-red spot on the fovea
curative treatment for subacute closed-angle glaucoma.
Laser iridotomy
Carpal tunnel syndrome - how to diagnose
often a clinical diagnosis, although nerve conduction studies and electromyography can be useful.
West syndrome
- classic triad of infantile spasms, regression of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography.
- Spasms eventually regress, likely leaving neurologic impairment.
Cerebellar vermis lesions present with
fine motor movement disorders as well as deficits in equilibrium, posture, and motor learning.
seizure with deja vu - type?
simple of the temporal lobe
The pain in tension headaches- mechanism
combination of muscle contractions and psychogenic factors.
cluster headaches are associated with …. CN
distribution of cranial nerves V1 and V2.
The first step in evaluating a patient for dementia is
to rule out reversible causes. Laboratory testing for TSH, vitamin B12, folate, and RPR is warranted.
suspect temporal arteritis - next step
steroids before biopsy
how to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome
the Hoffman-Tinel test: pressing on the median nerve
Steroid-induced glaucoma
is a form of open-angle glaucoma that is associated with topical steroid use. Treatment requires the discontinuation of corticosteroids.
standard agent used for rapid sequence intubation in most trauma situations.
etomidate
A lesion resulting in damage to Wernicke area may also damage
Meyer loops, resulting in a superior quadrantanopia.
lacunar infarcts
- Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are two risk factors - MC type is pure motor stroke
- posterior limb of the internal capsule.
