general

Question 1

Wernicke encephalopathy is characterized by autonomic instability, oculomotor and gait disturbances, and delirium, which can be precipitated by

Answer 1

glucose infusion prior to thiamine infusion.

Question 2

MCC of cancer in brain

Answer 2

Secondary brain tumors occur at a much higher incidence than primary CNS tumors, wth highest rates of spread to brain seen in prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, followed by lung cancer, and then colorectal cancer. Among primary CNS tumors, non-malignant meningioma is the most common tumor, followed by pituitary adenomas, and then malignant glioblastoma.

Question 3

Broca vs wernicke aphasia - area of infract

Answer 3

Broca –> superior division of the MCA

Wernicke –> inferior division of the MCA

Question 4

suspect pseudotumor cerebri - next step

Answer 4

imaging

Question 5

Seizure in a febrile child without another precipitating cause can be attributed to the fever. Work-up should …

Answer 5

• …the fever
• rule out serious conditions that can cause fever, but most children with febrile seizures do not go on to develop epilepsy.

Question 6

methylphenidate - adverse effects such

Answer 6

insomnia, irritability, decreased appetite, tic exacerbation, and decreased growth velocity. In patients who develop vocal or motor tics, stop the medication immediately.

Question 7

Polysomnography is recommended for evaluating excessive daytime sleepiness when there is suspicion for

Answer 7

obtructive sleep apnea, other sleep-related breathing disorders, periodic limb movement disorder, narcolepsy, and central hypersomnias.

Question 8

therapy for obstructive sleep apnea.

Answer 8

Weight loss and CPAP –> if persists –> Modafinil

Question 9

central retinal artery occlusion - fundoscopy,retinal

Answer 9

hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and edema of the fundus.

Question 10

central retinal artery occlusion - fundoscopy

Answer 10

cherry-red spot on the fovea

Question 11

curative treatment for subacute closed-angle glaucoma.

Answer 11

Laser iridotomy

Question 12

Carpal tunnel syndrome - how to diagnose

Answer 12

often a clinical diagnosis, although nerve conduction studies and electromyography can be useful.

Question 13

West syndrome

Answer 13

• classic triad of infantile spasms, regression of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalography.
• Spasms eventually regress, likely leaving neurologic impairment.

Question 14

Cerebellar vermis lesions present with

Answer 14

fine motor movement disorders as well as deficits in equilibrium, posture, and motor learning.

Question 15

seizure with deja vu - type?

Answer 15

simple of the temporal lobe

Question 16

The pain in tension headaches- mechanism

Answer 16

combination of muscle contractions and psychogenic factors.

Question 17

cluster headaches are associated with …. CN

Answer 17

distribution of cranial nerves V1 and V2.

Question 18

The first step in evaluating a patient for dementia is

Answer 18

to rule out reversible causes. Laboratory testing for TSH, vitamin B12, folate, and RPR is warranted.

Question 19

suspect temporal arteritis - next step

Answer 19

steroids before biopsy

Question 20

how to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 20

the Hoffman-Tinel test: pressing on the median nerve

Question 21

Steroid-induced glaucoma

Answer 21

is a form of open-angle glaucoma that is associated with topical steroid use. Treatment requires the discontinuation of corticosteroids.

Question 22

standard agent used for rapid sequence intubation in most trauma situations.

Answer 22

etomidate

Question 23

A lesion resulting in damage to Wernicke area may also damage

Answer 23

Meyer loops, resulting in a superior quadrantanopia.

Question 24

lacunar infarcts

Answer 24

• Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are two risk factors - MC type is pure motor stroke
• posterior limb of the internal capsule.