General Flashcards
Scientist-practitioner model
Focus on research & clinical skills
Scientist-practitioner
Practitioner-scholar model
Research as important, but focus on clinical skills more than research
Clinical scientist model
1991
May or may not involve applied clinical activities
Training focus on research
All clinical work is evidence-based
CBT comes from this
Psychopathology
Deviation from social norms
Deviation from ideal mental health
Failure to function adequately
Psychodynamic model
1800s - Sigmund Freud
Behaviour is explained in terms of dynamic or motivational forces (which cause change and development)
Psychological disorder is product of unconscious conflicts formed in early childhood
Underestimates role of situation & context
Freud - 3 parts of personality
Id - instincts
Ego - reality
Superego - morality
Id
Entirely unconscious
Innate
Largest part of mind
Libido is motivating force
If not satisfied, tension is produced
Ego
Largely conscious
Develops from 6 mo
Rational, intellectual
Is on contact with outside world
Superego
Largely unconscious
Develops from ego
Moral part
Guides us to acceptable behaviour
Psychosexual stages of development
Oral - 0-18 mo - sucking/biting
Anal - 18-36 mo - bowel/bladder control
Phallic - 3-6 yr - masturbation
Latency - 6-puberty - repression of sexual feelings
Genital - puberty+ - maturation of sexual orientation
Humanistic model
Studies whole person
Behaviour is connected to inner feelings & self concept
Rogers, 1959; Maslow, 1943
Client-centered therapy
Carl Rogers
Conflict btw ideal self and real self
Therapist shows empathy
May ignore role of biology in psychopathology
Behavioural model
Illness as learned through classical/operant conditioning
Vicarious learning (social learning theory)
Treatments: systematic desensitization, flooding, token economies
Ignores free will
Cognitive model
Psychopathology caused by our beliefs and perceptions of self, others, and world
Patterns of faulty thinking
Cognitive behaviour therapy
Challenges beliefs
Asks for evidence
