general

Question 1

cholinomimetic

Answer 1

direct (bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine, methacholine), indirect (‘stigmines, edrophonium, donepezil)

Question 2

antidote for cholinesterase inhib (organophosphate-irreversible) poisoning

Answer 2

atropine & pralidoxime

Question 3

bethanechol: uses

Answer 3

postop or neurogenic ileus, urinary retention

Question 4

behanechol: mech

Answer 4

ACh, resistant to AChE, activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle

Question 5

carbachol: mech & use

Answer 5

ACh direct agonist: for glaucoma, pupillary contraction, IOP relief

Question 6

pilocarpine: use

Answer 6

stimulator of tears, sweat, saliva (ie for sjogren’s), open and closed angle glaucoma

Question 7

pilocarpine: mech

Answer 7

Ach direct agonist, AChE resistant: contracts ciliary muscle (helps open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (for closed angle glaucoma).

Question 8

methacholine: mech and use

Answer 8

ACh direct agonist (stimulates musc Rs in airway when inhaled for challenge test to diagnose asthma)

Question 9

neostigmine: mech

Answer 9

AChEs (increases endogenous ACh), no CNS penetration

Question 10

neostigmine: use

Answer 10

postop/neurogenic ileus, urinary retention (bethanachol also for those 2 conditions); myasthenia, reversal of NMJ blockade (postop)

Question 11

myasthenia Rx

Answer 11

neostigmine, pyridostigmine (long acting), edrophonium (short acting)

Question 12

physostigmine: mech and use

Answer 12

AChE (increase endogenous ACh), fixes atropine OD, crosses BBB/CNS so Anticholinergic toxicity

Question 13

edrophonium: mech, use

Answer 13

AChE (increase endog ACh), diagnoses myasthenia (v. short acting)

Question 14

pyridostimine

Answer 14

AChE (increases endog AcH), increase strength, long acting myasthenia Rx that doesn’t cross CNS (vs physo which ‘phys’ically crosses BBB)

Question 15

donepezil

Answer 15

AChE (increases endog Ach), Rx Alzheimer’s

Question 16

organophosphates (ie parathion) effects

Answer 16

DUMBBELSS: diarrhea, urination, miosis (pinpoint pupils), bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation (skeletal muscle, CNS), lacrimation, sweating, salivation

Question 17

muscarinic antag

Answer 17

‘tropines (atropine, homatropine, benztropine), ‘tropiums (ipa, tiotriopium), -ami-s(scopalamine, tropicamide), oxybutynin, glycopyrrolate

Question 18

causes mydriasis, cycloplegia

Answer 18

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide

Question 19

benztropine

Answer 19

musc antag; Rx parkinsons

Question 20

scopolamine

Answer 20

musc antag; motion sickness, CNS

Question 21

ipatropium, tiotropium

Answer 21

musc antag; copd, asthma

Question 22

oxybutynin

Answer 22

musc antag; reduce urgency in mild cystitis, reduce bladder spasms

Question 23

glycopyrrolate

Answer 23

musc antag; reop reduction of airway secretions (parenteral). drooling, peptic ulcer (oral)

Question 24

atropine: mech, use

Answer 24

musc antag (blocks DUMBBeLSS), bradycardia. increase pupil dilation & cycloplegia. decrease: secretions (airway and GI acid), motility, urgency (cystitis).

Question 25

atropine tox

Answer 25

increase body temp (decreased sweating), cycloplegia (acute angle closure glaucoma in elderly, mydriasis), disorientation, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry / flushed skin, rapid pulse,constipation, urinary retention in men with bph, hyperthemia (infants)

Question 26

epinephrine: R types, apps

Answer 26

both a and b (1 &2), b more so a bit, anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma, asthma, htn

Question 27

NE

Answer 27

A1,a2>> B1. hypotension (decreases renal perfusion)

Question 28

isoproterenol

Answer 28

B 1, B2. torsades (tachycardia decreases QT interval), bradyarrythmia (can worsen ischemia)

Question 29

DA

Answer 29

a1, a2, b1, D1 >b2. shock, heart failure, inotropic/chronotropic

Question 30

dobutamine

Answer 30

b1>>>a1, a2, b2. heart failure, cardiac stress test, ionotrop/chronotrop

Question 31

phenylephrine

Answer 31

a1>a2. hypotension (vasoconstrictor), ocular procedures (mydriatic), rhinitis (decongestant)

Question 32

albuterol

Answer 32

B2>>b1. aka b2 selective b blockers. acute asthma. reduce premature uterine contractions (terbutaline)

Question 33

salmeterol

Answer 33

B2>>b1. aka b2 selective b blockers.acute asthma. long term asthma, COPD

Question 34

terbutaline

Answer 34

B2>>b1. aka b2 selective b blockers.acute asthma. reduce premature uterine contractions

Question 35

ritodrine

Answer 35

b2 only. reduces premature uterine contractions

Question 36

direct symphatomimetics

Answer 36

epi, NE, DA. isoproterenol, albuterol, salmeterol. terbutaline, ritodrine. dobutamine. phenylephrine.

Question 37

indirect sympathomimetics

Answer 37

amphetamine, ephedrine, cocaine

Question 38

amphetamine

Answer 38

indirect symph agonist, releases stored catecholamines. narcolepsy, obesity, adhd (first world probs)

Question 39

ephedrine

Answer 39

indirect symph agonist, releases stored catecholamines. nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

Question 40

cocaine

Answer 40

ndirect symph agonist, reuptake inhib. vasoconstriction, local anesthesia (nasal procedures),

Question 41

cocaine: clinical use warning

Answer 41

don't give b blockers with i. leads to unopposed a1 activation, aka extreme hypertension

Question 42

clonidine, a methyldopa

Answer 42

centrally acting a2 agonists. decreased sympth outflow. for thn, esp with renal dz