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Pharm > general > Flashcards

general Flashcards

1
Q

cholinomimetic

A

direct (bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine, methacholine), indirect (‘stigmines, edrophonium, donepezil)

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2
Q

antidote for cholinesterase inhib (organophosphate-irreversible) poisoning

A

atropine & pralidoxime

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3
Q

bethanechol: uses

A

postop or neurogenic ileus, urinary retention

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4
Q

behanechol: mech

A

ACh, resistant to AChE, activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle

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5
Q

carbachol: mech & use

A

ACh direct agonist: for glaucoma, pupillary contraction, IOP relief

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6
Q

pilocarpine: use

A

stimulator of tears, sweat, saliva (ie for sjogren’s), open and closed angle glaucoma

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7
Q

pilocarpine: mech

A

Ach direct agonist, AChE resistant: contracts ciliary muscle (helps open angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (for closed angle glaucoma).

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8
Q

methacholine: mech and use

A

ACh direct agonist (stimulates musc Rs in airway when inhaled for challenge test to diagnose asthma)

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9
Q

neostigmine: mech

A

AChEs (increases endogenous ACh), no CNS penetration

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10
Q

neostigmine: use

A

postop/neurogenic ileus, urinary retention (bethanachol also for those 2 conditions); myasthenia, reversal of NMJ blockade (postop)

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11
Q

myasthenia Rx

A

neostigmine, pyridostigmine (long acting), edrophonium (short acting)

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12
Q

physostigmine: mech and use

A

AChE (increase endogenous ACh), fixes atropine OD, crosses BBB/CNS so Anticholinergic toxicity

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13
Q

edrophonium: mech, use

A

AChE (increase endog ACh), diagnoses myasthenia (v. short acting)

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14
Q

pyridostimine

A

AChE (increases endog AcH), increase strength, long acting myasthenia Rx that doesn’t cross CNS (vs physo which ‘phys’ically crosses BBB)

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15
Q

donepezil

A

AChE (increases endog Ach), Rx Alzheimer’s

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16
Q

organophosphates (ie parathion) effects

A

DUMBBELSS: diarrhea, urination, miosis (pinpoint pupils), bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation (skeletal muscle, CNS), lacrimation, sweating, salivation

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17
Q

muscarinic antag

A

‘tropines (atropine, homatropine, benztropine), ‘tropiums (ipa, tiotriopium), -ami-s(scopalamine, tropicamide), oxybutynin, glycopyrrolate

18
Q

causes mydriasis, cycloplegia

A

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide

19
Q

benztropine

A

musc antag; Rx parkinsons

20
Q

scopolamine

A

musc antag; motion sickness, CNS

21
Q

ipatropium, tiotropium

A

musc antag; copd, asthma

22
Q

oxybutynin

A

musc antag; reduce urgency in mild cystitis, reduce bladder spasms

23
Q

glycopyrrolate

A

musc antag; reop reduction of airway secretions (parenteral). drooling, peptic ulcer (oral)

24
Q

atropine: mech, use

A

musc antag (blocks DUMBBeLSS), bradycardia. increase pupil dilation & cycloplegia. decrease: secretions (airway and GI acid), motility, urgency (cystitis).

25
Q

atropine tox

A

increase body temp (decreased sweating), cycloplegia (acute angle closure glaucoma in elderly, mydriasis), disorientation, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry / flushed skin, rapid pulse,constipation, urinary retention in men with bph, hyperthemia (infants)

26
Q

epinephrine: R types, apps

A

both a and b (1 &2), b more so a bit, anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma, asthma, htn

27
Q

NE

A

A1,a2» B1. hypotension (decreases renal perfusion)

28
Q

isoproterenol

A

B 1, B2. torsades (tachycardia decreases QT interval), bradyarrythmia (can worsen ischemia)

29
Q

DA

A

a1, a2, b1, D1 >b2. shock, heart failure, inotropic/chronotropic

30
Q

dobutamine

A

b1»>a1, a2, b2. heart failure, cardiac stress test, ionotrop/chronotrop

31
Q

phenylephrine

A

a1>a2. hypotension (vasoconstrictor), ocular procedures (mydriatic), rhinitis (decongestant)

32
Q

albuterol

A

B2»b1. aka b2 selective b blockers. acute asthma. reduce premature uterine contractions (terbutaline)

33
Q

salmeterol

A

B2»b1. aka b2 selective b blockers.acute asthma. long term asthma, COPD

34
Q

terbutaline

A

B2»b1. aka b2 selective b blockers.acute asthma. reduce premature uterine contractions

35
Q

ritodrine

A

b2 only. reduces premature uterine contractions

36
Q

direct symphatomimetics

A

epi, NE, DA. isoproterenol, albuterol, salmeterol. terbutaline, ritodrine. dobutamine. phenylephrine.

37
Q

indirect sympathomimetics

A

amphetamine, ephedrine, cocaine

38
Q

amphetamine

A

indirect symph agonist, releases stored catecholamines. narcolepsy, obesity, adhd (first world probs)

39
Q

ephedrine

A

indirect symph agonist, releases stored catecholamines. nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

40
Q

cocaine

A

ndirect symph agonist, reuptake inhib. vasoconstriction, local anesthesia (nasal procedures),

41
Q

cocaine: clinical use warning

A

don’t give b blockers with i. leads to unopposed a1 activation, aka extreme hypertension

42
Q

clonidine, a methyldopa

A

centrally acting a2 agonists. decreased sympth outflow. for thn, esp with renal dz

Pharm (8 decks)

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