General Flashcards
One way a coastline can be protected from erosion
Boulders acting as a false headland get eroded by the waves rather than the actual headland rock
Name a solution to traffic congestion in cities
Encourage use of public transport
Offer alternative routes
Name 4 types of farming
Pastoral (Sheep, Cattle)
Arable (Crops)
Mixed (Combination of pastoral and arable)
3 Human Causes of global warming
The burning of fossil fuels for transport, industry and power
Deforestation - Burning trees produces carbon dioxide
Car exhausts, plant fertilisers and power stations producing nitrous oxide
3 Physical Causes of global warming
Variations in sunspot activity - The amount of solar energy we receive from the sun
Volcanic eruptions - Large quantities of volcanic dust can shield the earths atmosphere from exposure to the Suns Rays
Permanently frozen soil releases large quantities of methane gas
3 Effects of global warming
Coastal areas will become inhabitable due to rising sea levels
Developing countries will be unable to catch up as they cannot burn more fuel and use more energy
Tropical diseases such as Malaria will spread with increasing temperatures
Name three strategies to minimise the impact of climate change
Make use of sustainable energy resources
Put carbon credits in place - The polluter is taxed based upon how much pollution they generate
Energy should be used more efficiently so that less is wasted
Name 3 causes of heart disease
Poor diet - Fatty foods cause people to put on weight which increases the strain on the heart
Smoking
Stress
Effects of disease in a developed country such as Britain
Increased pressure on the NHS to find a bed for these people
Lowers life expectancy
Name three causes of cholera
Poor hygiene
Lack of sanitation - Sewage can end up in drinking water
No access to clean drinking water
Explain the formation of a waterfall
Softer rocks are eroded as the river flows over them. Harder rocks remain in place for longer. The river undercuts the harder rocks to leave an overhang. The river forms a plunge pool below. Overhanging rocks is unsupported and falls into this pool. The waterfall is moved upstream and this is repeated and a gorge is cut back into the hillside.
Describe how spell with a tropical continental air mass in summer would affect the people of the British Isles
Hot, dry weather which could result in droughts
Ice cream sales rise
Heavy rain from thunderstorms may cause flash floods
Difficult to do physical work in the heat
Explain the main changes which have taken place in Glasgows CBD in recent years
New shopping centres - St Enoch Centre - Is lit entirely by daylight due to its large glass roof - in summer the heat generated from this means that heating is only needed for around a week per year. Buchanan Galleries - ten storey car park
The financial district has has modern office blocks and high rise developments built on it.
Tallest cinema in the world built
Merchant city redeveloped with theatre and concert venues
Describe methods which have been used to reduce population growth in a country you have studied
China - Taxing those with more than one child up to 50 percent of their income
This decrease in birth rate has meant that the number of elderly people living there is rising and so there are fewer working people to support this growing population of elderly
Explain how recent developments in agriculture in developing countries are helping farmers
Machinery - increased crop yield as machines work can be done faster and more efficiently
Less work for the farmer
Less workers to pay wages to
Increased profit
Chemical fertilisers - Increased crop yield as fertiliser makes crops grow better
Fewer plants being eaten by pests so more crops to sell
Describe, in detail, the locations which are at greater risk from climate change
Low lying areas will become flooded due to rising sea level
Drought-prone areas become drier
Poorer areas which rely on crops for income won’t be able to grow those which cannot survive in the heat
The arctic glaciers will melt
Choose one economic and one social indicator and explain how they can show a countries level of development
Population per doctor - lower shows more development as better health care system
More developed countries are likely to be able to afford a better health care system
Number of people employed in agriculture - Lower shows that there are more people employed in industry - this usually means a higher standard of living
Explain how rapid population growth can affect a countries level of development
Food shortage
Lack of money in certain areas such as education - this results in increased illiteracy - doesn’t help development
Larger workforce
Describe the measures taken to improve the quality of life in a shanty town which you have studied
Dharavi - Alleys paved, drains dug, more taps and toilets provided
Self help schemes have been put in place where building materials are provided and residents build themselves
Describe a way of preventing coastal erosion
Boulders acting as a false headland are eroded instead of the actual rock
Name a strategy adopted to manage cholera in a developing country
Improved access to water, effective sanitation
Enhanced hygiene and food safety practices
Improving sanitation
Name a strategy adopted to manage heart disease in a developed country
Avoiding foods high in saturated fat
Eating a healthy balanced diet
Being physically active
Giving up smoking and alcohol consumption
Explain the affects of cholera on a developing country which you have studied
Spreads - Affecting many in the population
Lowers life expectancy
Increases death rate
Name a social or economic factor affecting birth rate
Developing - High birth rate : Children are needed to work and bring in money so people tend to have more
Contraception is unavailable
For cultural or religious reasons people have more children
Name a social or economic factor affecting death rate
Nutrition, proper vitamins and minerals etc
Access to clean water, electricity, food supply
Access to medical care as well as medical supplies such as vaccinations, medicine
War
Quality of life
Describe and explain the conflicts which can arise between land uses in coastal landscapes
Locals v Tourists -
Increase in traffic congestion - Results in increased air pollution
Noise pollution
Litter which ruins the view of the local area
Wildlife disturbed by increase in people - Nature reserves have been set up to support this
Describe and explain two ways in which farming has been changed in recent times in a developed country you have studied
Diversification -
Farms can diversify to try and keep making money in areas which are no longer profitable through offering bed and breakfast, selling produce in a shop.
Mechanisation - This has meant that fewer jobs are available on farms as machines perform jobs that humans used to do. Farms often become smaller due to this.
Describe and explain the characteristics of rural urban fringe areas
New facilities being built such as entertainment, cinemas, food outlets
Low land values
Large gardens
Describe and explain the characteristics of inner city areas
Little/No open space
Pollution
Changing - Highly built up areas replacing 1960s flats
Describe and explain the characteristics of suburban areas
Few shops/factories
Open space
Less accessible
Name 3 strategies used to minimise the effects of global warming (Globally or Locally)
Encouraging people to walk, cycle or use public transport rather than use fossil fuel powered cars
Countries switch from fossil fuels to alternative sources of energy to reduce the amount of co2 in the atmosphere
Installing solar panels on home roofs to generate renewable energy
Describe and explain the impact that Arctic maritime air could have on Britain in winter
Very cold, wet weather - Roads/pavements frozen
Name two land uses found at the coast
Renewable energy as there is potential to produce wind and wave power and there is sea water to cool the reactors
Warm, Sunny climate with fertile clay soils on the flat land behind the coast provides opportunities for both arable and pastoral farming
Name some advantages of organic farming on the rural landscape of a developed country you have studied
Natural habitats are less threatened
Can provide healthier food for people
Give an example of a human factor influencing population distribution
Suitability for farming
Accessibility via sea, road
Give an example of a world location which is sparsely populated
Tundra, deserts, rain forests, mountains
Give an example of a densely populated world location
Europe, Eastern North America, South East Asia
Give an example of a physical factor which influence population distribution
Relief
Soils
Temperature
Name a land use conflict for tourists visiting a national park area which you have studied
Loch Lomond and the trossachs - between land users -
NP authorities and unlawful camping, camp fires and partying
Quiet water sports and noisy water sports
Name some social indicators of development
Health
Literacy
Birth and death rates
Population change - Natural increase/decrease
Name some economic indicators of development
Average income per capita
Consumption of electricity per capita
Give an example of developed and developing countries
Developing countries - Brazil, Mexico, Kenya, South Africa, Turkey
Developed countries - Norway, Australia, USA, Britain, New Zealand
Explain why the west side of Britain gets more rainfall than the east
In Britain the mountains are on the West;
Warm wet air is forced to rise over high land.
As the air rises it cools and condenses. Clouds form and precipitation occurs.
The drier air them descends and heats up
Any moisture in the air evaporates
