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PANRE EXAM > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

0
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

Anti diuretic hormone

Oxytocin

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1
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A 
ACTH
PRL
GH
LH
FSH
TSH
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2
Q

What is a tumor marker in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid?

A

Calcitonin-decreases serum calcium

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3
Q

What are the 2 effects of the parathyroid hormone?

A

1-Increases serum calcium

2-Decreases serum phosphorus

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4
Q

Hyperparathyroidism symptoms?

A

Bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans and fatigue overtones

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5
Q

What causes tetany, muscle cramps, carpopedal spasms and parasthesias around mouth/hands/feet?

Think Chvostek sign and trousseau sign

A

Hypoparathyroidism

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6
Q

What is the only secondary gland dysfunction?

A

Cushing’s syndrome

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7
Q

Muddy brown casts are common in what?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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8
Q

What are ‘casts’ a sign of?

A

Glomerulus

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9
Q

APPLE stands for what in nephrotic syndrome?

A

Hypo Albuminemia (low blood Protein)
Heavy Proteinuria >3.5g/24 hr
Hyper Lipidemia
Edema

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10
Q

Staghorn calculus is associated with?

A

Struvite stones in the kidneys/ureters

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11
Q

What are PDE-5 inhibitors?

A

ED meds i.e. Viagra, Cialis

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12
Q

What causes an obstructive grayish membrane that forms in nasopharynx or laryngotracheal area???

A

Diphtheria……tx with antitoxin and erythromycin

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13
Q

String sign on barium swallow?

A

Pyloric stenosis…..also has palpable olive mass

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14
Q

Kawasaki’s disease leads to risk of???

A

Coronary artery aneurysm….treat dz with hospitalization, high dose ASA, IVIG

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15
Q

MCV<80?

A

Micro cystic anemia

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16
Q

Causes of microcytic anemia?

A 
TICS
Thalassemias
Iron deficient anemia
anemia of Chronic disease
Sideroblastic anemia
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17
Q

Serum iron and TIBC are both decreased and Ferritin is normal or increased in what kind if anemia?

A

Microcytic: anemia of chronic disease

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18
Q

Folate deficiency and vit B 12 deficiency are common in what?

A

Macrocytic anemia due to defective DNA synthesis

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19
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies are common in what?

A

Folate deficiency and sickle cell anemia

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20
Q

What does a left shift mean?

A

Increase of bands (immature neutrophils)=bacteria infection

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21
Q

Philadelphia chromosome is diagnostic in?

A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (too many white cells)

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22
Q

Bone marrow containing Auer Rods are diagnostic in what?

A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

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23
Q

Smudge cells are pathognomonic for what?

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (median age 65)

24
Q

Reed-stern berg cells with EBV association is indicative of??

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

25
Q

Bence-Jones proteins in plasma cells??

A

Multiple myeloma….dx’d thru electrophoresis

26
Q

What has lab that shows isolated mature lymphocytosis and is treated with Fludarabine?

A

CLL

27
Q

What are the vit K dependent factors??

A

II, VII, IX, X

28
Q

Rice water stools with no odor?

A

Cholera….vibrio cholerae

29
Q

Acetylcysteine is the antidote to what kind of poison?

A

APAP

30
Q

Thiamine deficiency (vit B1) causes what?

A

Wernicke encephalopathy

31
Q

Yergason’s test is assoc with?

A

Bicep tendinitis

32
Q

Bamboo spine and uveitis with elevated HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

33
Q

Common metastatic tumors

A

PbKTL…..

Prostate, breast, kidney, thyroid, lung

34
Q

Best marker for MI?

A

Troponin

35
Q

What needs to be started within 12 hrs of STEMI?

A

Re perfusion therapy

36
Q

V1-V2 are which leads in the heart?

A

LAD-septal….septal wall

37
Q

V2-V4 are which leads in the heart?

A

LAD….anterior wall

38
Q

V1-V6 are which leads in the heart?

A

LAD-diagonal…..anterolateral

39
Q

I, aVL, (v5-v6) are which leads in the heart?

A

Circumflex artery….lateral wall

40
Q

II, III, aVF are which leads in the heart?

A

RCA, PDA, inferior wall

41
Q

What is the active phase of the heart and which valves does it affect?

A

Systolic…..M/T valves are S1 and A/P valves are S2

42
Q

Holosystolic murmur that radiates to axilla and frequently accompanied by a thrill??

A

Mitral regurg

43
Q

Described as a harsh murmur that has crescendo-de crescendo properties-radiates to carotids

A

Aortic stenosis

44
Q

What 2 murmurs are diastolic?

A

Aortic regurg and mitral stenosis

45
Q

Diastolic murmur heard along left sternal border with a de crescendo blowing sound

A

Aortic regurg (heard best sitting and leaning forward

46
Q

What is an Austin Flint murmur?

A

Low pitched mid diastolic rumble caused by reverberation of regurgitant flow against the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve

47
Q

A wide pulse pressure and increased stroke volume is indicative of what murmur?

A

Aortic regurg

48
Q

What has a diastolic rumble with an opening snap?

A

Mitral stenosis

49
Q

What are the 5 T’s in cyanotic congenital heart defects?

A

Tetralogy of fallot, transposition of the great vessels, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, truncus arteriosus

50
Q

What does a fixed split second heart sound indicate?

A

Atrial septal defect

51
Q

A continuous rough, machinery like murmur, loudest below the left clavicle is indicative of what?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

52
Q

What has pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hyper trophy, ventricular septal defect, and overriding aorta?

A

Tetralogy of fallot

53
Q

What condition shows electrical alternans on EKG?

A

Pericardial effusion

54
Q

What are the 5 P’s in acute arterial occlusion?

A

Pain, poikilothermia, parasthesia, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis

55
Q

What is it called when you feel the chest with your MCP’s and pt is saying ‘99’?

A

Tactile fremitus

56
Q

Tactile fremitus is increased in which condition?

Decreased in which condition?

A

Increased in pneumonia or tumor

Decreased in effusion/pneumothorax

57
Q

Currant jelly sputum is related to what?

A

Klebsiella pneumonia - alcoholics

58
Q

Frothy pink sputum, and white out on CXR is common in what?

A

ARDS

PANRE EXAM (3 decks)

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