General Flashcards
Posterior pituitary hormones
Anti diuretic hormone
Oxytocin
Anterior pituitary hormones
ACTH PRL GH LH FSH TSH
What is a tumor marker in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid?
Calcitonin-decreases serum calcium
What are the 2 effects of the parathyroid hormone?
1-Increases serum calcium
2-Decreases serum phosphorus
Hyperparathyroidism symptoms?
Bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans and fatigue overtones
What causes tetany, muscle cramps, carpopedal spasms and parasthesias around mouth/hands/feet?
Think Chvostek sign and trousseau sign
Hypoparathyroidism
What is the only secondary gland dysfunction?
Cushing’s syndrome
Muddy brown casts are common in what?
Acute tubular necrosis
What are ‘casts’ a sign of?
Glomerulus
APPLE stands for what in nephrotic syndrome?
Hypo Albuminemia (low blood Protein)
Heavy Proteinuria >3.5g/24 hr
Hyper Lipidemia
Edema
Staghorn calculus is associated with?
Struvite stones in the kidneys/ureters
What are PDE-5 inhibitors?
ED meds i.e. Viagra, Cialis
What causes an obstructive grayish membrane that forms in nasopharynx or laryngotracheal area???
Diphtheria……tx with antitoxin and erythromycin
String sign on barium swallow?
Pyloric stenosis…..also has palpable olive mass
Kawasaki’s disease leads to risk of???
Coronary artery aneurysm….treat dz with hospitalization, high dose ASA, IVIG
MCV<80?
Micro cystic anemia
Causes of microcytic anemia?
TICS Thalassemias Iron deficient anemia anemia of Chronic disease Sideroblastic anemia
Serum iron and TIBC are both decreased and Ferritin is normal or increased in what kind if anemia?
Microcytic: anemia of chronic disease
Folate deficiency and vit B 12 deficiency are common in what?
Macrocytic anemia due to defective DNA synthesis
Howell-Jolly bodies are common in what?
Folate deficiency and sickle cell anemia
What does a left shift mean?
Increase of bands (immature neutrophils)=bacteria infection
Philadelphia chromosome is diagnostic in?
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (too many white cells)
Bone marrow containing Auer Rods are diagnostic in what?
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Smudge cells are pathognomonic for what?
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (median age 65)
Reed-stern berg cells with EBV association is indicative of??
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Bence-Jones proteins in plasma cells??
Multiple myeloma….dx’d thru electrophoresis
What has lab that shows isolated mature lymphocytosis and is treated with Fludarabine?
CLL
What are the vit K dependent factors??
II, VII, IX, X
Rice water stools with no odor?
Cholera….vibrio cholerae
Acetylcysteine is the antidote to what kind of poison?
APAP
Thiamine deficiency (vit B1) causes what?
Wernicke encephalopathy
Yergason’s test is assoc with?
Bicep tendinitis
Bamboo spine and uveitis with elevated HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis
Common metastatic tumors
PbKTL…..
Prostate, breast, kidney, thyroid, lung
Best marker for MI?
Troponin
What needs to be started within 12 hrs of STEMI?
Re perfusion therapy
V1-V2 are which leads in the heart?
LAD-septal….septal wall
V2-V4 are which leads in the heart?
LAD….anterior wall
V1-V6 are which leads in the heart?
LAD-diagonal…..anterolateral
I, aVL, (v5-v6) are which leads in the heart?
Circumflex artery….lateral wall
II, III, aVF are which leads in the heart?
RCA, PDA, inferior wall
What is the active phase of the heart and which valves does it affect?
Systolic…..M/T valves are S1 and A/P valves are S2
Holosystolic murmur that radiates to axilla and frequently accompanied by a thrill??
Mitral regurg
Described as a harsh murmur that has crescendo-de crescendo properties-radiates to carotids
Aortic stenosis
What 2 murmurs are diastolic?
Aortic regurg and mitral stenosis
Diastolic murmur heard along left sternal border with a de crescendo blowing sound
Aortic regurg (heard best sitting and leaning forward
What is an Austin Flint murmur?
Low pitched mid diastolic rumble caused by reverberation of regurgitant flow against the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve
A wide pulse pressure and increased stroke volume is indicative of what murmur?
Aortic regurg
What has a diastolic rumble with an opening snap?
Mitral stenosis
What are the 5 T’s in cyanotic congenital heart defects?
Tetralogy of fallot, transposition of the great vessels, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, truncus arteriosus
What does a fixed split second heart sound indicate?
Atrial septal defect
A continuous rough, machinery like murmur, loudest below the left clavicle is indicative of what?
Patent ductus arteriosus
What has pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hyper trophy, ventricular septal defect, and overriding aorta?
Tetralogy of fallot
What condition shows electrical alternans on EKG?
Pericardial effusion
What are the 5 P’s in acute arterial occlusion?
Pain, poikilothermia, parasthesia, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis
What is it called when you feel the chest with your MCP’s and pt is saying ‘99’?
Tactile fremitus
Tactile fremitus is increased in which condition?
Decreased in which condition?
Increased in pneumonia or tumor
Decreased in effusion/pneumothorax
Currant jelly sputum is related to what?
Klebsiella pneumonia - alcoholics
Frothy pink sputum, and white out on CXR is common in what?
ARDS
