General Flashcards
1
Q
Is widely distributed in the external environment. It may be found in 20 to 40% of the anterior nares of human adults. It also colonizes the skin, particularly in intertriginous areas such as the groin and axilla, and may be found in the vaginal canal
A
Staphylococcus aureus epidemiology
2
Q
Was discovered more than 100 years ago by Hans Christian Gram. Crystal violet-primary stain. Gram’s iodine-mordant to fix the dye. GP Bacteria retain the dye in cell wall. Acid alcohol-decolorizer. GN bacteria stain red Safranin-counterstain.
A
The Gram stain
3
Q
Is a basic fluorochrome dye that binds nonspecifically to nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and glycosaminoglycans. Useful in demonstrating bacteria in specimens where concentrations may be low.
A
Acridine orange
4
Q
Catalase, Coagulase, Dnase, PYR, Nonmotile, Salt tolerance all +
A
Staphylococcus aureus
5
Q
Drug of choice for Staphylococcus aureus, Strep pneumo
A
Penicillin and cephalosporin (1st generation)
6
Q
the most frequently isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci from human sources
A
Staphylococcus epidermidis
7
Q
Does not ferment mannitol, produces alkaline phosphatase, produces positive reactions for acetoin (Voges Proskauer), reduces nitrates to nitrites, and hydrolyzes urea. Acid is produced from maltose, fructose, sucrose, and mannose.
A
S. epidermidis
8
Q
Drug of choice for Staphylococcus epidermidis
A
Penicillin
9
Q
Has a particular predilection for causing urinary tract infections in young, healthy, sexually active females.
A
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
10
Q
Has its natural habitat as part of the normal nasal and skin flora of various domestic animals, including dogs, cats, and horses. It is the most common coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species recovered from the skin of dogs.
A
Staphylococcus intermedius
11
Q
Resistance to novobiocin is a key feature used in the presumptive identification of
A
S. saprophyticus
12
Q
among the most commonly recovered bacterial species in the clinical laboratory. It is the cause of classic streptococcal pharyngitis, colloquially known as “strep throat.”
A
Streptococcus pyogenes
13
Q
Poststreptococcal diseases
A
include scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, endocarditis, and nephritis.
14
Q
Poststreptococcal diseases
A
include scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, endocarditis, and nephritis.
15
Q
Small transparent colonies/wide zone of beta hemolysis. ID-Low conc of bacitracin (0.04 μg)/PYR +.
A
Group A streptococci
16
Q
Group B-specific antigen. Metabolism is fermentative with lactic acid produced as the chief end product. Narrow zone of beta hemolysis. + cAMP reaction/ hydrolyzes NA hippurate
A
Streptococcus agalactiae
17
Q
Infections include meningitis, pneumonia, polynephritis, sepsis including endocarditis/in women, puerperal infection assctd w/ abortion and premature labor. Neonatal sepsis and meningitis
A
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B)
18
Q
Drugs of choice for Streptococcus pyogenes
A
Penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporin 1st gen, erythromycin
19
Q
Drugs of choice for Streptococcus agalactiae
A
Penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalosporin 1st gen, erythromycin
20
Q
Group for 2 species: S. bovis and S. equi. ID by + esculin hydrolysis in bile-esculin agar and by the inability to grow in 6.5% sodium chloride
A
Group D streptococci
21
Q
Can be divided into one of 83 different capsular serotypes(Latex agg, coagg, or the Neufeld quellung rxn)3, 4, 14, and 19, are particularly virulent. The capsular material prevents phagocytosis and killing by the host phagocytic cells.
A
Strep pnuemo
22
Q
Alpha hemolytic and smooth, moist, or mucoid/”checker piece” appearance/ susceptibile to either bile or ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride (Optochin)
A
Strep pnuemo
23
Q
Lobar type pneumonia and bacterial meningitis in adults, infants, and toddlers. Diabetes and alcoholism are common conditions predisposing to serious pneumococcal infections.
A
Strep pnuemo
24
Q
Lobar type pneumonia and bacterial meningitis in adults, infants, and toddlers. Diabetes and alcoholism are common conditions predisposing to serious pneumococcal infections.
A
Strep pnuemo
25
Is the most important agent of diarrheal disease in humans.
Campylobacter jejuni
26
Appropriate incubation conditions for C. jejuni
1. "campy" agar to inhibit the overgrowth of the normal intestinal flora.
2. 42°C, the optimum temperature for growth of this organism.
3. incubation atmosphere, consisting of 5% oxygen, 10% CO2, and 85% nitrogen.
27
Appropriate incubation conditions for C. jejuni
1. "campy" agar to inhibit the overgrowth of the normal intestinal flora.
2. 42°C, the optimum temperature for growth of this organism.
3. incubation atmosphere, consisting of 5% oxygen, 10% CO2, and 85% nitrogen.
28
infrequently recovered from human sources but is an important cause of infective abortion in cattle and sheep. It can be recovered from the placentas and stomach contents of the fetuses of aborted sheep and cattle.
Campylobacter fetus
29
Human infections of C. fetus that have been reported virtually always affect an individual who is:
debilitated, has compromised immune function, has a neoplastic disease, or has a chronic underlying disorder such as renal or hepatic failure
30
Does not hydrolyze indoxyl acetate or sodium hippurate. It is susceptible to cephalothin but resistant to nalidixic acid, profiles opposite to that of C. jejuni. Will not grow on campy selective media containing cephalothin. Does not grow at 42°C
C. fetus
31
Drug of choice for C. fetus and C. jejuni
Erythromycin
32
one of several spiral-shaped bacteria that have been observed in gastric secretions. Can be recovered from the GI tract of humans and a variety of domestic and wild animals, including several species of birds
Helicobacter pylori
33
Diagnosis: visualize the thin, curved bacterial cells in histologic sections of gastric biopsy material or by demonstrating the rapid conversion of urea agar after implantation with a small portion of the biopsy.
Helicobacter pylori
34
+ rxns may be observed in as little as 1 hour. Cultures are not frequently attempted to establish a diagnosis.
Helicobacter pylori
35
Incubation environments with reduced O (5-10%), increased CO2 (5-10%), and increased H (5-10%) at 37°C are the optimum conditions. Although selective "campy" agar may be used, a formulation devoid of cephalothin is necessary.
Helicobacter pylori
36
Can be suspected when GNDC or D-CB are observed in Gram stains. MacConkey growth (pinkish tinge). Lack of motility, absence of cytochrome oxidase activity, inability to reduce nitrates to nitrites, and resistance to penicillin.
Acinetobacter baumannii
37
Nosocomial infections most commonly involve the respiratory tract, the urinary tract, the genital tract, peritonitis in patients receiving continuous peritoneal dialysis, and postsurgical wounds.
Acinetobacter baumannii
38
Nosocomial infections most commonly involve the respiratory tract, the urinary tract, the genital tract, peritonitis in patients receiving continuous peritoneal dialysis, and postsurgical wounds.
Acinetobacter baumannii
39
Drugs of choice for Acinetobacter baumannii
Carbenicillin, Cephalosporin 2nd or 3rd, Gentamicin, Tetracycline, SXT
40
GN nonfermenters that grow on Mac, oxidase +, and motile via peritrichous flagella. Synonymous with A. odorans/ apple odor/ green discoloration. asaccharolytic
Alcaligenes faecalis
41
Exist in soil and water
Blood, sputum, and urine are the most common sources and are often associated with nosocomial infections, nebulizers, respirators, and lavage fluids.
Alcaligenes faecalis
42
Drug of choice for Alcaligenes faecalis
Pipericillin and tircarcillin clavulanate
43
Inhabiting the epithelial cells in the upper respiratory tract of humans, to which the bacterial cells attach, invade, and survive.
Highly contagious, transmitted from human to human via contaminated airborne respiratory droplets.
Bordetella pertussis
44
Apple-green fluorescing using the direct Ab fluorescent test. Potato-based Bordet Gengou (BG) agar or Regan Lowe (charcoal horse blood agar)
Bordetella pertussis
45
Inhibited by fatty acids, metalic ions, and peroxidases also contained in the media.
Growth require 2 - 4 days/ 35o C. 1-2 mm in diameter, entire, dome-shaped, gray and shiny, resembling drops of mercury.
GNCB/ pleomorphic in older colonies
Bordetella pertussis
46
Produces cytochrome oxidase and catalase (weakly), is non-motile (possesses no flagella)
Bordetella pertussis
47
Drug of choice for Bordetella pertussis
cephalosporin 3rd generation, ciprofloxacin, erythromicin
48
the most common zoonotic cause of human brucellosis and is the most virulent. It is found in the Mediterranean region, Latin America, and Asia.
Brucella melitensis (sheep, goats)
49
B. abortus (cattle)
Is worldwide in distribution, and its virulence is mild to moderate.
50
B. suis (swine)
endemic in the southern United States, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, and its virulence is moderate.
51
Cause undulant fever (Bang's disease)/grow slowly in culture/brucella agar or chocolate agar. Recovery in blood cultures is slow. Very small GNCB/ rapid urease reaction (1 hour on Christensen's urea agar).
Brucella
52
Cause undulant fever (Bang's disease)/grow slowly in culture/brucella agar or chocolate agar. Recovery in blood cultures is slow. Very small GNCB/ rapid urease reaction (1 hour on Christensen's urea agar).
Brucella
53
Drug of choice Brucella melitensis
Ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin
54
Produces yellow-green colonies/ fruity odor,Mac agar, is oxidase +, and asaccharolytic, hydrolysis of DNA, gelatin, and urea, and (-) reactions for indole, nitrate reduction, and hydrolysis of esculin and ONPG/ resistant to polymyxin B.
Flavobacterium odoratum
55
Flavobacterium odoratum body sites
Isolates have been reported from wounds, sputum, blood, and commonly from urine. necrotizing fasciitis and septicemia
56
Is the species causing human infections, including 2 biovars, ss tularensis (North America), and ss palaearctica (Europe). Reservoirs of this bacterium include rabbits, rodents, squirrels, beavers, deer, and domestic animals
Francisella tularensis
57
Transmission between animals is via ticks and biting flies. Humans acquire infection via the bites of infected ticks or deerflies or by direct contact with the tissues of infected animals, as can occur during the skinning and evisceration of game animals.
Francisella tularensis
58
Growth on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar (BCYE) and no growth on blood agar is a presumptive clue that an isolate may be:
Legionella species
59
Hydrolysis of NA hippurate is useful in separating __________ (+) from other Legionella species (-). Phenotypic characterization less than satisfactory. ID: serologically using immunofluorescent ab testing.
L. pneumophila
60
Is the species most commonly associated with classic legionellosis.The most common manifestation is pneumonia. A milder form of the disease, Pontiac fever, presents as an influenza-like syndrome w/out sequelae and with few complications.
L. pneumophila
61
Gray-white, smooth, opaque on BAP and choc, appear as small GNCBPR/ catalase and oxidase +.
Asaccharolytic, strong DNase actvty, and the production of beta lactamase
separated from Neisseria species by hydrolysis of ester-linked butyrate groups (tributyrin)
Moraxella catarrhalis
62
Contains supplements rich in cysteine, other aa, vit, hematin, and purines that are required for growth. It also contains antibiotics such as vancomycin, trimethoprim, and nystatin among others to enable recovery of N. gonorrhoeae from mixed cultures.
MTM (modified Thayer-Martin)
63
Gram-negative diplococci with flattened opposing margins. In direct smears, the cells are seen intracellularly in segmented neutrophils. The identification can be confirmed if acid is produced from glucose, but not from maltose, sucrose, or lactose.
N. gonorrhoeae
64
Glucose (+) Maltose (+)(Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome)
Neisseria meningitidis
65
Glucose(+) Maltose (+) Lactose (+) neisseria ssp
N. lactamica
66
Is most commonly isolated from urethral specimens, where it exists as a commensal/ similar to Moraxella species in being oxidase (+), nonmotile, and coccobacillary. Most strains grow on Mac, and are asaccharolytic
Oligella urethralis
67
The reduction of nitrite (but not nitrate) and + phenylalanine deaminase activity are two characteristics that, when taken together, separate __________ from Moraxella species.
Oligella urethralis
68
Phenotypically resemble nonsaccharolytic Alcaligenes species, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and CDC group IVc-2, being motile via peritrichous flagella, oxidase (+), and(asaccharolytic).
O. ureolytica
69
It differs from Alcaligenes species by rapidly hydrolyzing urea & from Bordetella bronchiseptica by reducing nitrates & nitrites & failing to hydrolyze malonate.
O. ureolytica
70
The reduction of nitrates & nitrites (most strains) & + phenylalanine deaminase activity separates from CDC group IVc-2.
Most human isolates have been from the urine, specifically in patients with long-term indwelling catheters
O. ureolytica
71
Is a plant pathogen primarily causing onion bulb rot. It can be recovered from a wide variety of water sources, and in the hospital environment may be found on wet surfaces or where water accumulates, such as in nebulizer and bronchoscopy tubing
B. cepacia
72
Survives in various disinfectants, including povidone-iodine & quaternary ammonium combos, & in fluids containin cycloheximide.
Nosocomial infections: pneumonia, septicemia, endocarditis, & septic arthritis in cystic fibrosis patients.
Burkholderia cepacia
73
Drug of choice for Burkholderia cepacia
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
74
Can be recovered from H2O n soil sources n often is found in various moist hospital environments, tracheostomies, in-dwelling catheters, burns, and weeping cutaneous wounds. The exudation of blue pus with a grape-like odor is characteristic.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
75
Straight or slightly curved, slender, GNR. They are motile via polar flagella, strict aerobes, utilize carbs oxidatvely & never fermentatively. The temp range of growth for various strains extends from 4-43 deg Celsius. The cytochrome oxidase rxn is
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
76
Produce H2S, a characteristic helpful in diffn it from C. koseri, which is H2S (-).
Differentiated from certain closely related Salmonella species by: failure to decarboxylate lysine decarboxylase, hydrolyzing ONPG, and the ability to grow in KCN.
Citrobacter freundii
77
decarboxylates ornithine and produces acid from adonitol and malonate, both of which are negative reactions for C. freundii.
C. koseri
In contrast, C. freundii produces acid from melibiose and sucrose, both of which are negative for most strains of C. koseri.
78
Growth observed on HE after 36 hrs incubation at 35°C. The colonies are entire, convex, smooth to shiny, and distinctly green, showing no evidence of the yellow pigmentation indicating lactose fermentation. Some have black central pigmentn indicating H2S production.
Edwardsiella tarda
79
GN sepsis and endotoxin-induced shock are serious complications. Urinary tract and wound infections, pneumonia in debilitated and immunocompromised patients, and neonatal meningitis are common infections.
Escherichia coli
80
"dirty" gray on bap
produce a + spot indole test and dry pink-red colonies on Mac. ID confirmed by demonstrating an acid slant/acid butt rxn on Kligler iron agar (fermenter), a + methyl red rxn, - Voges Proskauer, and - citrate utilization test results.
Escherichia coli
81
E. coli w/ heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins are produced, resulting in a watery diarrhea similar to that produced by Vibrios cholerae
Enterotoxigenic strains
82
produce an illness characterized by fever, malaise, vomiting and diarrhea, primarily in children.
Enteropathogenic strains
83
penetration of the intestinal mucosa by the bacterial cells results in an inflammatory diarrhea similar to that produced by Shigella species. Blood, mucous, and segmented neutrophils are observed in fecal smears.
Enteroinvasive strains
84
chiefly serogroup 0157:H7, produce a toxin that has a cytotoxic effect on Vero cells (called a verotoxin), producing in vivo effects similar to that produced by Shiga toxin.
Enterohemorrhagic strains
85
Hemorrhagic colitis results, manifest as abdominal cramps n watery diarrhea, followed by hemorrhagic discharge simulating a lower intestinal bleed.
Enterohemorrhagic strains
86
the cause of a necrotizing lobar type pneumonia in which there is considerable hemorrhagic necrosis, leading to expectoration of a "brick red" sputum that, when mixed with mucin, has a "currant jelly" appearance.
K. pneumoniae
87
Infectns are most severe in persons with underlying diseases such as alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, & chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Pleuritis, urinary tract infections, meningitis (in infants), & septicemia
K. pneumoniae
88
Can be suspected in culture when large, mucoid colonies are recovered on isolation media. On MAC colonies are large, distinctly mucoid, & have a red pigmentation that diffuses into the surrounding media. This pigment production is abundant acid from lactose.
K. pneumoniae
89
Two key characteristics separating species from certain closely related Enterobacter species are the lack of motility and the inability to decarboxylate ornithine.
Klebsiella
90
An indole-positive variant of K. pneumoniae, is found primarily in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals but also may be recovered from vegetative matter and aquatic environments
Klebsiella oxytoca
91
can be found in the feces of humans, dogs, other mammals, and reptiles. It serves as a secondary pathogen in cases of urinary tract, respiratory tract, and wound infections.
Morganella morganii
92
The combination characteristics of citrate negative, failure to produce hydrogen sulfide, and decarboxylation of ornithine
Morganella morganii
93
recovered from soil, water, and any environment polluted with fecal material. part of the commensal flora of the LI of humans and other animals. Most frequently an agent of uti and wound infections, intestinal trauma and post colon surgery.
Proteus mirabilis
94
Negative spot indole test. Strong urease activity, the production of hydrogen sulfide, a positive reaction for ornithine decarboxylase, and the failure to hydrolyze esculin or ferment salicin
Proteus mirabilis
95
swarming colonies growing on bap/ odor-burned chocolate. id + spot indole test, using a small subculture. strong urease activity, H2S, - rxn for ornithine decarboxylase, and hydrolysis of esculin and the fermentation of salicin
P. vulgaris
96
primarily recovered from the feces of humans, both with and without a diarrheal syndrome, with secondary spread to the urinary tract, wounds, and burns, where they cause infrequent infections.
Providencia
97
Needs >100,000 for infection, H2S +, Lysine +, Indole -, Urea -
Salmonella
98
Salmonella spp that may cause septicemia
Salmonella cholerasius
99
Typhoid fever. Blood + early (1st wk)/ stool + in 2nd/3rd wk
Salmonella typhi
100
Salmonella ssp that is ONPG +
S. arizona
101
Red pigment/ DNase, gelatinase +
Serratia marcescens
102
Most common ssp of genus
Has its natural habitat in the fecal content of humans. Infections occur following ingestion of contaminated food or water
Lactose -, nonmotile, anaerogenic
Shigella sonnei
103
Group A shigella (most severe)
S. dysenteriae
104
Group B shigella
S. flexneri
105
Group C shigella
S. boydii
106
The spread of black/ bubonic plague is via rodents to fleas, fleas to rodents. Endemic in southwest USA (prairie dogs)
Yersinia pestis
107
acute mesenteric lymphadenitis and "pseudotubercules
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
108
Growth room temp and cold enrichment, a source of post-transfusion sepsis
Yersinia enterocolitica
109
Genus motile by polar flagella, most are indole +, growth on mac, cellulitis, wound infections and diarrhea
Aeromonas
110
Optimal pH range for bacterial growth
6.5-7.5 pH
111
Optimal pH range for fungal growth
5.0-6.0 pH
112
Growth phase characterizes by enzyme synthesis and cell elongation
Lag phase
113
Growth phase characterized by active reproduction
Log phase
114
Growth phase characterized by exhaustion of nutrients, less viability
Stationary phase
115
Growth phase characterized by dead cells exceeding new cells
Death phase
116
"Chinese Letters"; Metachromatic granules (Loeffler's Slants); tellurite hydrolysis (tinsdale agar); elek test determines toxin production
Corynebacterium
117
Tumbling motility at 25C, but not 37C; cold enrichment, neonatal menigitis and sepsis, sepsis in immunocomp hosts
Listeria
118
Test tube brush in gelatin, infection in fisherman, butchers, veterinarians
Erysipelothrix
119
Ground glass non-hemolytic colonies; non hemolytic, nonmotile, medusa head colonies, long bamboo stem gram stain morphology, agent of bioterrorism
Bacillus anthracis
120
Ground glass hemolytic colonies; food poisioning, enterotoxin, beta hemolytic
121
Ground glass hemolytic colonies; food poisioning, enterotoxin, beta hemolytic
B. cereus
122
Long filamentous GNR w/ pleomorphic/ puffball or string of pearl colonies in thio broth
rat bite fever haverhill fever
aseptic sample needed (blood culture, 7 day inc), sps anticoagulant inhibits
Streptobacillus moniliformis
123
Peridontal and jaw abscesses; high number in plague, center of colony has 4-6 pointed star
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
124
bleachy odor, pits agar, 3 zones of growth, peridontal and jaw abscesses
eikenella
125
needs 5-10% co2 or anaerobic conditions, gliding motility, fusiform shape; bacteremia
capnocytophaga
126
similar to actinobacillus, endocarditis
haemophilus aprophilus
127
cause endocarditis, can give false + gram rxn
cardiobacterium
128
clue cells
10% koh added to discharge= fishy odor
gardenella vaginalis
129
require x and v factors
haemophilus
130
school of fish, genital ulcers
h. ducreyi
131
growth on BCYE, legionaires disease
legionella pneumophilia
132
inverted fried egg, dienes stain not gram stain
mycoplasma/ureaplasma
133
causes primary atypical pneumonia, cold agglutinin titer
m. pneumoniae
134
gn ana, pits agar, urease +
bacteroides ureolyticus
135
gn ana, pits agar, urease +
bacteroides ureolyticus
136
GN Ana, catalase +, black colonies on BBE
bacteroides fragilis
137
GN Ana, catalase +, black colonies on BBE
bacteroides fragilis
138
gn ana, thin, fusiform rod, speckled col
fusobacterium nucleatum
139
gn ana, rods variable in length and width
fusobacterium necrophorum
140
gn ana, highly pleomorphic
fusobacterium mortiferum
141
gp ana, pseudomembranous colitis, CCFA agar, horse stable odor, spore former
C. dificile
142
gp ana, double zone of hemolysis, lecthinase +, gas gangrene, spores seldom observed
c. perfringens
143
gp ana,terminal spores, racquet shaped, tetanus
c. tetani
144
gp ana, molar tooth, branching, lumpy jaw, sulphur granules
actinomyces israelii
145
gp ana, sensitive to sps
p. anaaerobius
146
rickettsial pox, house mites
Rickettsia akari
147
q fever, inhaled
coxiella burnetti
148
typhus fever, louse
Rickettsia prowazekii
149
rocky mt. spoted fever, tick
r. rickettsiae
150
murine typhus, rat flea
r. typhi
151
may infect 1/3 pop., res to drying, cauliflower colonies on LJ, mdr variants, id by nucleic acid probes, skin test for screening in US
mycobacterium tuberculosis
152
environmental org, cause pulmonary disease, disseminated disease, infect immunocomp patients, nonpigmented on LJ, id by nucleic acid probes
mycobacterium avium complex
153
causes leprosy (hansen disease), infects skin, mucous membranes, nerves, causes a progressive disease that is treatable, grows best in armadillo footpads
mycobacterium leprae
154
Test for prescence of viral ab of ag
EIA
155
Molecular cloning of a specific DNA sequence/ if viral ab unknown matches clone, the viral id is confirmed
DNA probes
156
Method in which nucleic acid seq can be amplified in vitro/ carried out in cycles, each doubling the amount of desired nucleic acid product
PCR
157
yellow fever, dengue, st. louis encephalitis, mosquito vector
flavivirus
158
pulmonary syndrome, hemorrhagic fever, rodent-borne
Hantavirus
159
assoc w/ shellfish; one of most stable viruses infectings humans
Hepatitis A
160
formerly non-a, non b hepatitis
Hepatitis C
161
measles, more serious in adults than in children
morbillivirus
162
poliomyelitis, aseptic meningitis, occurs naturally only in humans
poliovirus
163
serious respiratory infection in young children, giant multinucleated cells due to fusion of infected cells
RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
164
rabies, negri bodies in brain tissue of infected animals, rod or bullet shaped, wildlife- reservoir
rhabdovirus
165
common cold
Rhinovirus
166
acute infectious infantile diarrhea, can cause death in infants
rubivirus
167
rubella, vaccine available, contraindicated in pregnancy, spread by respiratory secretiions, serious congenital abnormalties
rubivirus
168
respiratory infections
Adenovirus
169
infection mononucleosis, chronic failure syndrome, assc w. burkett's lymphoma,heterophile ab
epstein-barr virus
170
ribbon-like aseptate hyphae; sexual and asexual
zygomycota
171
septate, sexual and asexual, produce asci
ascomycota
172
septate; sexual, mushrooms,club fungi
basidiomycota
173
fungi imperfecti, no sexual stage, many common pathogens
deuteromycota
174
simialar to SAB, inhibits some candida and crytococcus, aspergilluis fumigatus and pseudallescheria
mycosel
175
Agar for cryoptococcus neoformans (brown colonies)
Bird seed agar
176
Agar for candida albicans (chlamydoconidia)
Cornmeal agar
177
Genus: tinea (mostly in children), hair and skin, hair fluoresces, microconidia (small club-shaped), macroconidia (many, rough, spindle-shaped in most spp)
microsporum
178
rare distorted macroconidia, terminal chlamydoconidia
microsporum audouinii
179
thick walled macroconidia; knobby end
microsporum canis
180
thin walled macroconidia
microsporum gypseum
181
mostly in adults; hair skin and nails; no fluorescing hairs
trichophyton
182
urease +. rose-brown reverse
trichophyton mentagrophytes
183
urease -, red reverse
trichophyton rubrum
184
black dot ringworm, balloon forms, yellow red reverse
trichophyton tonsurans
185
feet, hands, and groin; macroconidia (large, smooth, club-shaped, found in singles or clusters at end of hyphae, 2-4 septa), olive green or khaki color
epidermophyton floccosum
186
bat and bird droppings; oh and ms river valley; infects RES (Bone marrow), yeast(very small), mycelial (tuberculate n macroconidia)
histoplasma capsulatum
187
along oh, ms valley n appalachia, may cause skin lesions, yeast (broad based bud, double-contoured wall), mycelial (lollipop forms)
blastomyces dermatitidis
188
desert southwest and semiarid regions, yeast (spherules containing endospores), mycelial (alternatively staining arthroconidia)
coccidioides immitis
189
south american blastomycosis, simulates tb, cutaneous lesions, yeast (multiple buds "mariner wheel"), mold (similar to lollipop forms)
paracoccidioides brasiliensis
190
found in dirt and on plants (rose gardener's mycosis), yeast (cigar bodies), mold (delicate hyphae with ovoid conidia along side or in rosettte heads)
sporothrix schenckii
191
germ tube +, urease -, may be isolated in blood of immunosuppressed
Candida albicans
192
germ tube -, forms structure between tube and spore
Candida tropicalis
193
hockey stick bud on one corner of arthroconidia
geotrichum
194
budding from both corners of arthroconidia urease +
trichosporon
195
assimilates only glucose and trehalose, no pseudohyphae
candida (torulopsis) glabrata
196
urease +, brown colonies on birdseed agar, india ink
cryptococcus neoformans
197
small extracellular yeast
candida sp. or sporothrix schenckii
198
small intracellular yeast
histoplasma capsulatum
199
yeast with pseudohyphae
candida sp.
200
large yeast with broad based buds
blastomyces dermatiditis
201
large yeast with multiple buds
paracoccidioides brasiliensis
202
endospherules and endospores
coccidioides immitis
203
green or blue-green colonies; branching or penicillus head, sterigmata blunt
Penicillium
204
delicate hyphae, elippticak conidia with appearance of brain surface
acremonium
205
colonies lavender to purple; banana shaped macroconidia
fusarium
206
conidiophore ends in swelling which carries sterigmata and chains of conidia, farmer's lung
aspergillus
207
green conidia
aspergillus fumigatus
208
yellow conidia
aspergillus flavus
209
black colonies
aspergillus niger
210
211
Dog hookworm
ancylostoma caninum
212
old world hookworm
ancylostoma duodenale
213
large intestinal roundworm
ascaris lumbricoides
214
oriental/chinese liverfluke
clonorchis sinensis
215
broad fish tapeworm
diphyllobothrium latum
216
hydatid tapeworm
echinococcus granulosus
217
pinworm
enterobius vermicularis
218
large intestinal fluke
fasciolopsis buski
219
sheep liver fluke
fasciola hepatica
220
rat tapeworm
hymenolepis diminuta
221
dwarf tapeworm
hymenolepsis nana
222
eyeworm
loa loa
223
new world hookworm
necator americanus
224
blinding worm
onchocerca volvulus
225
oriental lung fluke
paragonimus westermani
226
bladder fluke
schistosoma haematobium
227
oriental blood fluke
schistosoma japonicum
228
manson's blood fluke
schistosoma mansoni
229
threadworm
stronglyloides stercoralis
230
beef tapeworm
taenia saginata
231
pork tapeworm
taenia solium
232
dog/cat ascarid
toxocara canis/cati
233
234
whipworm
trichuris trichiura
235
