General

Question 1

Red Flags: Upper Quadrant (emergency)

Answer 1

5Ds 3Ns
Bilateral/ Quadrilateral numbness, tingling, weakness
Ligament integrity (Down’s, Grisels/ upper respirstory tract infection, inflammatory arthritis)

Question 2

Red Flags: Lower Quadrant (emergency)

Answer 2

Bilateral numbness, tingling, weakness
Bowel/bladder dysfunction
saddle paresthesia

Question 3

Red Flags: Cancer (emergency)

Answer 3

Night pain
Night sweats
Unexplained weight loss

Question 4

Red Flags: Ottawa Ankle Rules (emergency)

Answer 4

Inability to weight-bear
Tender on palpation of:
- medial/lateral malleolus
- base of 5th metatrsal
- navicular

Question 5

Red Flags: C- Spine (emergency)

Answer 5

Dangerous MOI (axial load, MVC > 100km/hr, fall from .3ft, bicycle, ATV
> 65 years
numbness/tingling in extremities
neck rotation <45 deg

Question 6

Low risk C-spine factors (OK to screen)

Answer 6

Simple rear-end
delayed onset of soreness
no midline CSpine tenderness
able to sit
ambulatory at any time

Question 7

Red Flags: SCI (emergency)

Answer 7

Autonomic dysreflexia (if stimulus removed or cant be found)
Post-traumatic syringomyelia (worsening symptoms)

Question 8

Red Flags: DVT (emergency)

Answer 8

hot
red
swollen
painful
increased circumference

Question 9

protocol for referring a patient to physician

Answer 9

chronic conditions that aren’t amendable to PT/need further Dx
Get patients consent to write note explaining the findings

Question 10

protocol for referring a patient to emergency

Answer 10

write a note explaining the findings for the patient to give
include your contact information
check they have someone to drive them (if not, ambulance)

Note: we can’t prescribe an X-ray, but you can say for them to “rule anything else out”

Question 11

Consent tick offs

Answer 11

explain the treatment
common responses to treatment
risk/ benefits
alternatives
opportunity to ask questions and revoke consent

Question 12

Consent special circumstances

Answer 12

mature minor
substitute decision maker

Question 13

Shoes

Answer 13

ON when doing mobility and standing

Question 14

transfer belts

Answer 14

always use if they are present for sitting balance and mobility
check to see if it is snug (2 finger widths)

Question 15

What do you need to check as soon as you walk into the room?

Answer 15

Are the brakes on the bed?
Is the environment clear?

Question 16

General introduction

Answer 16

Introduces self
Asks preferred name
Checks brakes
Explains purpose of interaction
Gains consent
Ask patient if they have any questions
Concludes interaction

Question 17

Privacy breach. PTA was telling people about a patient and telling the front desk lady

Question 18

You have heard that a PTA has recommended using a walker to a patient with osteoporosis.

Have a discussion with the PTA

Discuss the role of a PTA

Follow Up: What are some considerations for functional gait aids