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Duo 日本語 > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

丸い

A

まるい

round, circular, calm, harmonious

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2
Q

大勢

A

おおぜい

many, crowd (people), current trend

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3
Q

ひどい

A

terrible, cruel, harsh

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4
Q

幸福

A

こうふく

happiness, well-being, joy

幸, happiness, good luck, fortune + 福, good fortune

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5
Q

以上

A

いじょう

… and more, the end/goal/top

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6
Q

以下

A

いか

below, the following, not more than

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7
Q

減少

A

げんしょう

decrease, fall

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8
Q

重要

A

じゅうよう

important, essential, major

重: heay, 要: need, requirement

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9
Q

足る

A

たる

be sufficient, be enough

primitive for foot

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10
Q

足りない

A

たりない

insufficient, lacking

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11
Q

価値

A

かち

value, worth, merit

価: associated with monetary value, price, 値: associated with pricing

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12
Q

結果

A

けっか

result, effect, outcome

結: associated witb outcomes, things coming together, combining, 果: fruit

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13
Q

作成

A

さくせい

create, produce, make

作: work, crop, cultivate, 成: associated with moulding, forming, settling into its final form

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14
Q

不足

A

ふそく

shortage, lack, insufficiency

不: un-, non-, negative prefix, 足: foot, leg, pace, also associated with grounding, staying in place

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15
Q

有効

A

ゆうこう

valid, effective, legal, available

有: existnce, having, 効: effect, use, result

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16
Q

期待

A

きたい

expectation, hope, anticipation

期: period, age, time, 待: wait

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17
Q

試験

A

しけん

test (e.g. in school), experiment (e.g. in a lab), examination, study

試: trial, 験: attempt, trial, test

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18
Q

扉

A

とびら

front door

primitives: “door” + “mistake” (“Jail cell”)

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19
Q

無限

A

むげん

infinite, unlimited

無: nothing, un-, 限: end, limit

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20
Q

決定

A

けってい

decision, determination (i.e. sth. that has been determined)

決: decision, vote, associated with approval, 定: associated with determining, establishing, defining things

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21
Q

現象

A

げんしょう

phenomenon

現: current, existing reality, 象: phenomenon, ELEPHANT

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22
Q

提案

A

ていあん

suggestion, proposal, proposition

提: associated with submission, presenting, offer, 案: plan, motion, thought, expectation

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23
Q

賛成

A

さんせい

agreement, approval, favor, support

賛: praise, tribute, associated with support, 成: associated with moulding, forming, shaping into a final form, maturing, growing up

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24
Q

下ろしる

A

おろしる

unload

from 下: down, below

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25
Q

映る

A

うつる

be reflected, projected

primitives: sun + center

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26
Q

慣れる

A

なれる

get used to, get accustomed to

passive form of 慣る, observe the primitives for state of mind + pierce (mama + oyster)

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27
Q

慣る

A

なる

break sth. in, accustomize, warm up

primitives: state of mind (heart) + pierce (mama + oyster)

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28
Q

情報

A

じょうほう

intelligence, gossip, news, information (in data, documents)

情: almost always associated with 報, love, sympathy, compassion on its own, 報: information, report, news

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29
Q

全員

A

ぜんいん

everyone, “all hands”, everybody

全: whole, complete, pan-, 員: member of a group

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30
Q

突然

A

とつぜん

suddenly, abrupt, all at once

突: associated with intrusions, coming forward, things clashing together, 然: as such, -like

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31
Q

非常

A

ひじょう

emergency, extraordinary, unusual

非: error, fault, disadvantagous, 常: usual, eternity, associated with continuity

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32
Q

非常に

A

ひじょうに

very, extremely, exceedingly

from 非常, extraordinary, emergency

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33
Q

持っていく

A

もっていく

bear, bring along, take

from 持つ, have, keep, いく (also 行く), go

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34
Q

ほとんど

A

almost, mostly, all but

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35
Q

笑う

A

わらう

smile, laugh, sneer, ridicule

primitives: “bamboo” + “heavens”

story: laughter – bubbling up to the heavens, like bamboo striving to the sky

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36
Q

早速

A

さっそく

immediately, at once, without delay

早: early, immediately, now, 速: speed, also in 速い, fast

Fan fact: 速い and 早い are homonyms: はやい

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37
Q

糸

A

いと

thread, yarn

primitives: “elbows” + “little”

story:

as a primitive in kanji: associated with things coming together, as in stitching; convergence

糸 is an exceedingly common element in kanji.

38
Q

苦しい

A

くるしい

difficult; painful, agonizing

primitives: “flowers” + “old”: Putting down flowers at the grave of a beloved can be painful.

39
Q

状況

A

じょうきょう

situation, circumstances, state of affairs

状: a polite prefix, in compounds associated with a state, 況: associated with not mentioning sth

40
Q

材料

A

ざいりょう

material, ingredient

材: (raw) material, wood, 料: section, course (of study), fault

41
Q

漢字

A

かんじ

kanji (chinese characters)

漢: associated with China, 字: character (writing), section of a village, nickname. Do not confuse this with 学, learning, knowledge

42
Q

感じ

A

かんじ

feeling

note the primitive for heart at the bottom

43
Q

感情

A

かんじょう

emotion, feeling

感: feeling, 情: love, sympathy, conpassion

note that 情感, じょうかん, is a word as well and means emotion, feeling, sensitivity

44
Q

配達

A

はいたつ

delivery, distribution

配: associated with distributing things, 達: associated with reaching, mastering; note the primitives path and good fortune.

45
Q

として

A

with roles: in that role

used in contexts like “We hired her as a translator”.

46
Q

幅

A

はば

width, breadth

primitives: “width” + ??? + “rice field / brains”

47
Q

事故

A

じこ

accident, incident, circumstances, trouble

事: thing, matter, affair; super widely used in professional contexts, too, 故: reason, cause

fun fact: 故事, こじ, is the historical fact

48
Q

失う

A

うしなう

lose, part with

primitives: based on “husband”, with a drop added

story: something is falling from the husband, so he loses it

49
Q

専用

A

せんよう

dedicated, for … only, private / personal / exclusive use

専: first, number one priority, selfish; associated also with expertise, exclusively personal, 用: use; business, duty

50
Q

決

A

けつ

decision, determination

primitives: “water” + “guillotine”

story: etymology of “decide” it to cut sth off. add “fluently”, et voila.

51
Q

存在

A

そんざい

existence, being

存: diffuse kanji associated with being alive, presence 在: country , countryside; associated with bein enrolled, involved

52
Q

原因

A

げんいん

cause, source, origin

原: original, primary; associated with raw, pricipal and principles, 因: cause; also rely on, be the cause of a consequence

53
Q

来年

A

らいぬん

next year

来: since, next, come (as in 来る, くる), 年: year, age

54
Q

偶然

A

ぐうぜん

by chance / accident, coincidence

偶: rarw, occasional, casually, accidentally, 然: -like, as such, like that

55
Q

来る

A

くる

come, get

odd one out, learn as is

56
Q

思う

A

おもう

think; want, consider, feel (as in believe)

primitives: “brain” + “heart”

57
Q

特別

A

とくべつ

special

特: associated with defining, outstanding characteristics; differentiate; special, 別: separate, dostinction, different (no connotation)

58
Q

歩行

A

ほこう

walking, walk

歩: step, walking, progress, advamcement, 行: going, row; also associated with carrying out something, governing, doing stuff

59
Q

散歩

A

さんぽ

a walk, stroll

散: associated with scattering, spreading out, diffusion, “here and there”, 歩: walk

60
Q

走る

A

はしる

run, retreat (from battle), travel, hurry

primitives: “soil” + “mend”

61
Q

質問

A

しつもん

question, inquiry

質: diffuse kanji referring to the quality or nature of something, quality as in quality control, collateral, 問: question, query

62
Q

質

A

しつ

qualiy, nature of sth, collateral

primitives: “jin (unit for measuring)” or “axe” + “oyster”

story: might be better to focus of the element “eye” here instead of oyster. then we get: dividing something up by eye, i.e. assessing its quality

63
Q

量

A

りょう

amount, quantity

primitives: “nightbreak” + “ri” (ri: a measuring unit for land areas, note the primitives for rice field land; rice fields were so ubiquitous that they came to ne standardized units of land size; Heisig’s designation as a “computer” for ri is pretty far-fetched and I’ll stick with ri)

story: measuring things in time and space: time from nightbreak, a ri in space

64
Q

超

A

ちょう

super- (more than normal), very, really

elements: “run” + “summon, call in”

story: if you run to a summons, it must be super important

65
Q

底

A

そこ

bottom, sole, base (logarithmic, binary, etc.)

primitives: “cave” + “calling card” (a card with your family name on it, made up from “family” and “floor”)

66
Q

近づく

A

ちかづく

approach, get close

primitives of 近: “path” + “axe” (also a measuring unit)

story: to get closer to your goal, you hack your path with an ax through the underbrush.

67
Q

不便

A

ふべん

inconvenience

不: not, un-, non-, 便: mail, service, convenience

68
Q

新しい

A

あたらしい

new

primitives: “spicy” (red pepper) + “axe”

69
Q

計画

A

けいかく

plan; project, program, scheme

計: associated with planning, measuring, 画: picture, drawing, painting, sketch

70
Q

時

A

とき

time, when, time of

primitives: “sun” + “Buddhist temple”

71
Q

利用

A

りよう

use, utilisation

利: interest, benefit, profit, advantage, 用: use, business; generally associated with using something

72
Q

利用法

A

りようほう

means of use

利用: use, utilisation, 法: law, method, principle

73
Q

鮮明

A

せんめい

clear; vivid, distinct

鮮: associated with vivid, bright, clear, 明: clear, clean

74
Q

覚える

A

おぼえる

learn, remember, memorize

primitives: “schoolhouse” + “see”

story: See things in a schoolhouse to remember them

75
Q

役に立つ

A

やくにたつ

be useful

役: role, use, service, 立つ: associated with standing up, departing

76
Q

理解

A

りかい

understanding, comprehension

理: reason, truth, logic, 解: solution (of a problem, state); associated with dissolution, termination, dissolution, dismantling, endings, …

77
Q

破壊

A

はかい

destruction; disruption

破: “stone” + “skin”, associated with breaking, 壊: associated with destruction, breaking, withering

78
Q

全体

A

ぜんたい

whole, entirety

全: all, whole, 体: body

79
Q

石鹸

A

せっけん

(bar) soap

石: stone, 鹸: rogue kanji meaning soap

80
Q

普通

A

ふつう

general; usual, normal, ordinary

普: associated with usual, normal, regular, (also universal),通: authority; also associated with communication and transfer

81
Q

猛烈

A

もうれつ

violent; furious, spirited, vehement

猛: ferocious; severe, extreme, also associated with savage烈: associated with raging, fierceness, but also compatrionism and heroines (only females!)

82
Q

危険

A

きけん

hazard, danger

危: danger; harm, 険: steepness, harsh

83
Q

危ない

A

あぶない

dangerous

primitives: “bound up” + “unlucky”

84
Q

危機

A

きき

crisis

危: danger, 機: chance, opportunity

this is very close to the original meaning of crisis, which is a “turning point” or “decision” (usually about life and death).

85
Q

奪う

A

うばう

steal; snatch away, claim (e.g. natural disaster) by force, rob

primitives: “big” (St Bernard’s dog) + “turkey” + “glue”

86
Q

最も

A

もっとも

most (superlative)

As in: 空で最も明るい星はシリウスです。The brightest star in the sky is Sirius.　　

最: identifies the superlative, most

87
Q

贅沢

A

ぜいたく

(live in) luxury; extravagance

贅: luxury; associated with splurging, excess, 沢: mountain stream; marsh, valley, swamp; in one instance associated with “a lot”: 沢山、たくさん

88
Q

沢山

A

たくさん

a lot, many, much

沢: mountain stream, marsh: valley, swamp, 山: mountain

Well, there ARE many streams in mountains.

89
Q

暮らす

A

くらす

live (in a certain way), spend your time, making a livelihood

primitives: “must not” (graveyard) + “sun”

note urgently that 暮 in itself signifies an end; sundown, sunset, nightfall (which makes so much more sense given the kanji elements). How did we get from that to “livelihood”?

Perhaps like this: You spend your time until sundown earning your livelihood.

90
Q

生活

A

せいかつ

live, livelihood; the way you spend your life

生: life, raw, alive, 活: living, also stronglh associatedbwith activity, active (noge the “flowing” “tongue”)

91
Q

のおかげ

A

alternative spellings: のお陰, のお蔭

assictance, benevolence; “thanks to (something)”

92
Q

外れる

A

はずれる

veer off, be off, get out of place

外: outside

Duo 日本語 (8 decks)

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