Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemical Product Design > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the generic design process?

A
  1. Product planning.
  2. Identify customer needs.
  3. Establish product specifications.
  4. Generate product ideas.
  5. Select product ideas.
  6. test and manufacture.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the stages of product design?

A
  1. Identify customer needs.
  2. Set product specifications.
  3. Generate appropriate ideas.
  4. Select ideas.
  5. Test and manufacture.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the stages of process design?

A
  1. Batch vs continuous.
  2. Input to output structure.
  3. Reactors and recycles.
  4. Separations.
  5. Heat integration.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a functional organisation structure?

A

A functional organisation structure is the separation of teams by process. e.g. design, manufacturing, marketing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a project organisational structure?

A

A project organisational structure is where teams are responsible for the entirety of a product/project.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a matrix organisational structure?

A

A matrix organisational structure is a mixture of functional and project structure. e.g. lightweight and heavyweight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a lightweight project organisational structure?

A

Functional structure with smaller teams/individuals responsible for carrying out a project/product throughout sectors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a heavyweight organisational structure?

A

Project organisational structure with individuals/small teams responsible for individual sectors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the typical characteristics of a functional organisation?

A
  • Sequential procedure.
  • Liked by large industries.
  • Process intensive.
  • manufacturing heavy investment.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the typical characteristics of a project organisation?

A
  • Mission based.
  • Projects have sector based support teams.
  • Fast moving.
  • Synergy.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 5 steps are considered during product planning?

A
  • Identify opportunities.
  • Evaluate and prioritise projects.
  • Allocate resources and plan timing.
  • Complete pre-project planning.
  • Reflect on results and process.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What should be considered when releasing a product?

A
  • Timing of product introduction.
  • Technology readiness.
  • Market readiness.
  • Competition.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is included in a mission statement?

A
  • Product description.
  • Benefit proposition (why should people buy product).
  • Key business goals.
  • Target market.
  • Assumptions and constraints.
  • Stakeholders.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stimulates need in the market?

A

Market pull and technology push.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a case of market pull?

A

Paracetamol

  • Customers desired cheaper and more affordable products.
  • Process intensification allowed for lower manufacturing costs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a case of tech push?

A

Mobile phones

  • Advancements in tech have meant smart phones can continuously improve.
  • Smaller more powerful processors decrease phone size and increase product quality.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who are the main stakeholders when considering customer needs?

A

People who 1. Use 2. Buy 3. Sell 4. Service the product.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are lead users important?

A
  • Advanced needs.
  • Ahead of the market.
  • Have the most to gain.
  • May have an understanding of possible product improvements.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the methods for gathering information?

A
  • Face to face.
  • Focus group.
  • Expert test panel.
20
Q

What should be considered when preparing for info gathering interviews?

A
  • Project scope.
  • Products target.
  • Business goals.
  • Depth of interview by following up leads.
21
Q

How should information on needs be processed?

A
  • Remove impossible or irrelevant needs.
  • Cut down and simplify text.
  • Express in terms of product output.
  • Positive statements.
  • Avoid assumptions.
22
Q

How should information on needs be ranked?

A

Three levels of ranking 1. Essential 2. Desirable 3. Useful as well as redundant.

23
Q

What are the possible sources for product ideas?

A
  • Product development team.
  • Customers (especially lead users).
  • Trade literature.
  • Scientific literature.
  • Patents (building on current specs).
  • Consultants.
24
Q

What are the methods for the generation of chemical products?

A
  • Combinatorial chemistry.
  • Plasma chemistry.
  • Natural product screening.
  • Biomimetics.
25
Q

What is combinatorial chemistry?

A

Libraries of reactions and compounds that can be used to propose theoretical synthesis routes.

Gives ranges of pH, T and P.

26
Q

What is plasma chemistry?

A

Combine potential reagents in a plasma flame.

Highly reactive environment.

Analysis of product tar using NMR and test for pharmacological activity.

27
Q

What is idea generation from natural products?

A

Screen products made by microorganisms.

Induce mutations for new products.

Isolate active molecules.

Can be inefficient.

28
Q

What is biomimetics?

A

Products that mimic nature.

e.g. bullet proof polyamide is derived from spider webs.

29
Q

Why should product ideas be sorted?

A
  • May have complementing ideas.
  • Remove ideas that don’t fit company profile.
  • Usually only have resources for 5 ideas.
30
Q

How can ideas be ranked?

A

Use of matrix; requirements (may be benchmark or novel) weighted with individual idea scores.

31
Q

What are the main categories for idea selection?

A
  • How does the idea give the product functionality.
  • Satisfy customer needs.
  • How does the idea line up with business needs.
32
Q

What criteria might be used for initial selection?

A
  • Analysis of chemistry (feasibility).
  • Analysis of required technology/engineering.
  • Comparison of attributes using product matrix.
  • Assessment of tech and economic risk.
33
Q

What are objective criteria?

A
  • Chemical/thermodynamic criteria.

- Physical/kinetic criteria.

34
Q

What are subjective criteria?

A
  • Technical yet less exact e.g. comfort, safety.

- Matrix screening.

35
Q

Why would you substitute ingredients?

A

Improve transport, kinetic and thermodynamic properties.

Remove toxic/non-environmentally-friendly chemicals.

36
Q

What is the aim of ingredient substitution?

A

Equal or better performance with gains in safety, cost or environmental impacts.

37
Q

What are possible chemical triggers?

A
  • Temperature.
  • Chemical reaction.
  • pH change.
  • Shear rate.
  • Solvent addition.
38
Q

What are the arguments for synthetic chemical production?

A
  • No difference in pure compounds.
  • Can often be produced in a more sterile environment.
  • Often more cost effective.
39
Q

What are the arguments for natural products?

A
  • Greater marketability.
  • Natural products may contain natural emulsifiers etc.
  • Negative outlook on GM.
40
Q

From a chemistry perspective, how should ideas be selected initially?

A
  • Synthesis route feasible.

- Economically feasible.

41
Q

What is the ‘disconnect approach’?

A
  • Breaking down of target product into possible reagents for synthesis steps.
  • Reduces target molecule into simpler, more available precursors.
  • Work with chemists to rule out impractical routes.
42
Q

How else can chemicals be produced?

A

Through GM microorganisms.

43
Q

What are the main physical criteria for idea selection?

A
  • Reaction rates.
  • Mass transfer.
  • Heat transfer.
44
Q

How should matrix criteria be selected?

A
  • Avoid related criteria.
  • No repetitions.
  • Complete and rounded list.
45
Q

What are the main risks in chemical product development?

A
  • Is scale up feasible.
  • Are mass transfer values accurate.
  • Reaction kinetics accurate.
46
Q

What actions can be taken to address risk?

A
  • Stop product development.
  • Address risk (may be costly and time consuming).
  • Accept risk and continue.

Chemical Product Design (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions