General

Question 1

Ataxia

Answer 1

incoordination, loss of proprioception

Question 2

Paresis

Answer 2

decrease in voluntary motor function

Question 3

paralysis

Answer 3

total loss of voluntary function

Question 4

what causes pain in the CNS

Answer 4

Involvement of structures outside the grey & white matter.
Meninges = high density nociceptors
vertebrae periosteum, nerve roots, IVD all pain sensitive

Question 5

What is a spinal cord segment?

Answer 5

Portion which gives rise to one pair of spinal nerves

Question 6

Vertebrae of each type in D+C

Answer 6

8 cervical
13 thoracic
7 lumbar
3 Sacral
2+ caudal

Question 7

Typical order for function loss in SC lesions

Answer 7

1. postural reactions
2. motor function
3. bladder function
4. deep pain sensation

Question 8

Forebrain function is important for

Answer 8

Mentation, behaviour, vision, fine motor activity, body position

Question 9

Cerebellum is important for

Answer 9

Coordinated movements of the head + body

Question 10

Brainstem contains

Answer 10

the reticular activating system - regulates consciousness

Question 11

CSs with Horner’s Syndrome

Answer 11

Miosis - excessive pupil constriction
Ptosis - eyelid drooping
3rd eyelid prolapse
enopthalmus - eyeball retraction.

Question 12

Horner’s syndrome is a result of

+ course of the tract

Answer 12

Damage to the sympathetic oculomotor tract.
Mid-brain - brainstem - SC - T1-3 - brachial plexus - thorax - cranial cervical ganglion (near tympanic bulla) - innervation of the dilator muscle of the pupil & SM in the preorbita & eyelids.