General 01 Flashcards
abuse
to treat someone or something in a way that is cruel, harmful, or wrong
accident
sudden unplanned event causing damage, injury, etc.
habit
the usual way of behaving; something often repeated
activity
an action or task (e.g., sports, washing your clothes)
add
to put two things or numbers together (e.g., 2+2)
adjust
to change so as to fit in with new conditions
administration
the work of running something (e.g., a business)
advocate
to publicly support a belief, or to request a change
analyst
someone who is skilled at studying the details of data
arrival
when someone or something gets to a place
highlight
the best or most interesting part of something
button
small round piece of material used to fasten clothing
appearance
way that someone or something looks
application
formal request for a job, building permission, etc.
apply
to ask formally for (a job, building permission, etc.)
as
a word used to compare two equal things
argument
a discussion in which you disagree with another’s opinion
arrange
to put things into a particular order; to plan and organize an event
arrangement
plan or preparation to make something happen; an agreement
hunt
to search for wild animals to kill for food or sport
art
a creative skill using the imagination (e.g., painting)
characterize
to describe the qualities of a person, place, thing
assessment
opinion based on judging the qualities of something or someone
asset
a person or thing that has value or use to someone or to a company
back
behind; to the rear; previous
associate
partner in professional work (e.g., in law)
atmosphere
The mixture of gases surrounding the Earth; the feeling that a place or situation gives you
attitude
way you act, think, and feel about something
illustrate
to explain with examples, to make it easier to understand
audience
group of people listening, watch a play, movie, etc.
author
person who writes books, plays, poems, etc.
impose
to make someone to do, believe, or accept something
band
group of people who work together (e.g., play music)
bar
to prevent entry, exit, or an action
basically
in the most important ways even if not completely true
bedroom
room for sleeping usually with a bed
belief
a feeling of being sure that something exists or is true
bind
to join two or more things together to limit their freedom
birth
when a baby comes out of the body of its mother
bomb
a weapon designed to break apart very suddenly and violently
bond
something that joins or connects people, groups, or parts; a duty or promise to another; glue
border
line separating one country or state from another
competitor
someone taking part in a race, business, etc.
incident
something that happens, especially if it is bad or unusual
intelligence
ability to learn, think about, and understand things
branch
a part of a tree that grows out from the main part; a part of an organization connected to but separate from the main office
brand
name given to a product or service
build
to make (e.g., a house, by putting materials together)
business
the making, buying, or selling goods or services for money
bridge
structure built over river or road so people, vehicles, or animals can cross
coverage
way a newspaper, television program, etc., reports an event or subject
crew
an organized group of workers (e.g., on a ship)
kick
to hit someone or something using your foot
kiss
to put your lips against another’s to show love
dependent
someone who depends on another for (financial) support
campaign
to work in an organized and active way toward a goal
latter
the second or last mentioned thing
lock
to close something with a device so others can’t open it
cent
100th of the basic unit of money (e.g., there are 100 of these in a dollar)
certainly
definitely true or is sure to happen
chain
series of connected things, events, or people
channel
- a narrow, deep body of water used by ships; 2. a system used for sending something from one place or person to another
characteristic
a typical feature or quality that a particular person or thing has
milk
the white liquid produced by females to feed their babies
color
the quality of things you can see (e.g., red, blue)
origin
the point at which something begins or is created
church
building where religious people gather and pray
drag
to pull something that is difficult to move
civil
related to the people of a country; not military/criminal
proportion
an amount that is a part of a whole thing
reject
to refuse to believe, accept, or consider
clothes
things you wear on your body (e.g., shirt, dress, tie)
course
route or direction that a river, etc., moves along
colleague
someone who works with you; coworker
formula
plan, rule, or method for doing or making something
combination
result of mixing things together
foundation
underground base on which a building is constructed
lip
top and bottom part of the outside of a person’s mouth
comment
something you say; give an opinion; remark
commission
a group officially put in charge of finding out about something or controlling something
commitment
a promise or decision to do something; something that you must do that takes your time
relief
the pleasant and relaxed feeling when something unpleasant stops or does not happen
complain
to say that you are not happy or satisfied with something or someone
component
one of the parts that make up something
concentrate
to give all your attention to a task; focus
condition
state of living you are in (e.g., good health)
margin
the empty space at the top, bottom, and sides of a written or printed page
content
information in something (e.g., a book or computer program)
contract
legal agreement (e.g., for doing work for money)
contribute
give something of value to or help someone or something
pace
the speed at which someone or something moves or happens
corner
place where two lines, sides, corners, etc., meet
reputation
an opinion that people have about someone or something based on the past
shoulder
the part of the body where an arm attaches or joins
perception
the way in which one sees or understands something
similarly
in a way that is almost the same as something or someone else
crime
act that is against the law; murder, theft, etc.
supporter
someone who shows they are in favor of an idea/plan
symbol
action or object that represents a particular idea or quality
cultural
of a particular society’s customs and beliefs
sky
the place where we see clouds above us
cream
the thick white liquid that comes from milk and is used in cooking
evolution
slow, steady change or development
example
something or someone who represents a group
decrease
to reduce the size, amount, or number of something
exhaust
to use all of something such as energy, resources, or possibilities; to make someone very, very tired
soul
the spiritual part of a person
delay
to cause something to happen later than planned or expected
specifically
in a well-defined or clear manner; in particular
demonstrate
to show how something works (e.g., product)
extract
to take something out of something else
talent
the natural ability of a person to do something well
desire
to wish for, hope, or want something
destroy
to damage something so badly that it no longer exists
direction
describes the way you are going (e.g., north)
distinction
the special quality that makes something different
division
act of separating something into parts; groups formed by different functions or opinions
doctor
a professional who is trained and licensed to treat sick or injured people; a person who has the highest degree given by a university
domestic
of or relating to a particular country; of or relating to the home and family
iron
the hard metal used to make steel (symbol Fe)
economy
total of all the goods, services, and wages in an area
editor
a person whose job is to correct and make changes to the contents of a book or magazine
elect
choose someone for a position usually by voting
knee
the middle part of your leg that bends
stem
the long, thin part of a plant that supports leaves and flowers
engineer
professional who designs and builds machines, roads, and other complicated structures
entirely
fully or completely
wage
money paid to workers for the hours they worked
wheel
the round thing under a vehicle that turns and makes it move
escape
to get away from a place where you are being held
winner
the person or animal that is the best in a contest or first in a race
estimate
guess or calculation of cost, size, or value
appointment
the time you arranged to meet someone or do something
here
in, at, or to this position or place
examine
to look at someone or something very carefully in order to learn more
breakfast
the first meal of the day
excite
to make someone feel happy, interested, or eager
however
used to say something is different from what was said before; but
breast
one of the two parts on the front of a woman’s body that produce milk when she has a baby
capture
to catch and prevent a person/animal from being free
celebrate
to observe an event or occasion (e.g., a birthday)
expense
the amount of money that is needed to pay for something
explore
to learn about something by examining in detail or someplace by traveling to it
extend
to straighten or stretch something out (e.g., your leg)
childhood
the time when you are a child
fairly
in a reasonable way; between a little and very much
farmer
someone who owns or looks after farm, a place for growing crops and keeping animals
fear
unpleasant feelings caused by being aware of danger
feed
to give food (e.g., to an animal or a baby)
closely
very near in space or time; just next to
file
to submit documents to an authority (e.g., city hall)
angle
a place where two lines or surfaces meet
flower
plant with a pretty head (e.g., a rose)
attribute
a quality or characteristic that someone or something has (e.g., size or color)
command
to give an order; have control over others
consistent
always acting or happening in the same way
core
the central part of a fruit that contains the seeds; the central part of something
frame
(n) 1. the basic structure of something that gives it its shape, to which other parts are added; 2. one picture in a series that make a video; (v) 1. to put a picture in a supporting structure; 2. to produce false evidence so an innocent person appears guilty of a crime
bowl
a round container used for holding things like rice or soup
crop
plants grown on a farm for food (e.g., corn or rice)
gain
to get something wanted, needed, or valued
debt
the sum of money owed to somebody that is not yet paid
generally
usually; as a rule; by, to, or for most people
last
the one before
exhibition
an event at which an object or group of objects is shown to the public
graduate
(v) to receive a degree from a college or university; (n) a person who has received a degree
leave
to go away from; depart
liability
something that is owed to someone else (e.g., a debt)
gun
a weapon that shoots small metal objects down a metal tube
life
all the living things (e.g., animals, plants, humans)
hall
a usually long, narrow room in a building that leads to other rooms
hang
to attach a picture, photograph, etc., onto a wall
line
mark that is long, straight, and very thin
cake
a sweet baked food made from flour, eggs, fat, and sugar
hire
to employ a person to do a particular job
historical
of or related to events or people in the past
host
person who entertains guests
hotel
place where people can stay when traveling
fellow
someone in the same group or situation; a boy or man
many
used to refer to a large number of things
currency
a money system that a country uses
hurt
to cause pain, damage, or injury
ice
frozen water
gene
part of a cell that controls the development and appearance of a living thing
identity
who someone is; the collection of qualities that makes a person
curve
a smooth rounded line that is not straight
image
picture, sculpture, or painting of something
imagine
to think creatively about; form a mental picture of
modify
to make small changes to something
month
one of 12 time periods that make a year, each from 28 to 31 days long
income
earned money from work, investments, or business
indicate
to show something, direct attention to, or point out
industrial
concerning the people and businesses that make certain products
guard
to keep watch over something to protect it e.g., a bank
insist
to state your opinion strongly and firmly; to demand that something must happen
instrument
a piece of equipment used for a particular purposesuch as making music or measuring something
depression
a feeling of great sadness
off
away from; not on
investor
a person who gives money to help a business grow for a profit
on
located on the surface of something (e.g., a table or wall)
entrance
a way into a place
order
to ask for something you want to buy (e.g., a meal)
accommodation
a place to stay, often a hotel
flood
a large amount of water covering land that is usually dry
assistant
a person who helps another, usually as a job
party
social event often with food, drinks, and dancing
label
a piece of paper or cloth that is attached to something and gives information about it
lady
another way of saying ‘woman’
boss
a person who manages you, or is in charge of you at work
past
the time that existed before now (e.g., long ago)
forecast
a prediction of some future thing (e.g., the weather)
jacket
a light, thin coat
lawyer
a professional who is paid to help people with the law
plan
to decide a set of actions to do something
lesson
a time or event where teaching and learning occur; class
bottle
a container with a narrow neck used to hold liquids like water or wine
license
official document which allows a person to do or have something
chemical
a basic substance produced by mixing elements
delight
a strong feeling of great pleasure and happiness
engine
a machine that changes energy into motion
loan
something (usually money) that is given to someone for a period of time with a promise that it will be returned
locate
to find a certain place, position, or location of something
expectation
a belief or hope that something is going to happen
gentleman
a man who has good manners and is considerate
journalist
a person who writes news reports for newspapers, magazines, television, or radio
lake
a large area of water surrounded by land
room
a part of building enclosed by walls (e.g., kitchen)
mass
a large amount of something, often of no particular shape
master
- someone who has control over others; 2. someone who is very skilled at doing something
meal
food for eating at a particular time (e.g., dinner)
landscape
a large area of countryside or land that has a particular quality or appearance
set
complete group of something (e.g., a chess set)
miss
to be too late to ride on something (e.g., train or bus)
mistake
something done wrong, calculated wrong.; error
model
a copy that represents an object or standard
mirror
a thing with a glass surface used to look at yourself
mouse
a small animal that has fur and a long tail
moral
relating to people’s belief about right or wrong behavior
morning
early part of the day before 12 noon
participant
a person who is actively involved and included in something
passenger
A person who is traveling in a vehicle
narrow
long but not wide; a small distance from one side to the other compared to length
negative
being harmful, unwanted, or unhelpful
neither
not one or the other; not either; none of two things
net
material made of string tied together and used to catch fish or other small animals
nevertheless
despite what has just been done or said; nonetheless
musician
a person who writes, sings, or plays music, as a job
noise
a loud or unpleasant sound
none
not one of a group; not at all or in no way
opponent
a person that you are competing against in a game or contest
occasion
particular time when something important or special happens
odd
being strange or different from what is usual or expected
plate
a flat dish used for eating or serving food
snap
to break something long and thin
onto
movement towards a position that is on something
plot
a plan to do something, often in secret and bad
oppose
to be against someone in a contest, game, or fight; to disagree
producer
a company making or growing a certain product
organize
to arrange and plan things (e.g., a party)
phenomenon
a fact that can be observed and studied
original
being first made, thought, or performed; fresh
stay
to spend time visiting a place or someone’s home
package
box or container in which items are placed for mailing
pair
two of the same thing (e.g., socks)
shadow
a dark shape that appears when something stops the light
subject
the person, or thing that is being talked, or written about
singer
a person who sings, often as a profession
such
so like, or similar
statistic
a number that represents a piece of information
substance
a particular type of material
summary
a brief statement that gives the most important information
permit
to allow someone to do something or for something to happen
protein
a substance found in some foods, such as meat, that is needed by the body to stay healthy
teenager
a person between the ages of 13 and 19
photograph
a picture made with a camera that shows how things look in real life
throat
passage inside the neck used to swallow and breathe
tourism
traveling to new places (e.g., abroad, for vacations)
plenty
a large amount of something; a lot; not too little
tower
a tall, narrow building
transition
a gradual change from one condition to another
population
number of people who live in a country, area, etc.
trap
a device used for catching animals
practical
relating to what is sensible, real, or useful rather than with ideas or theories
presence
fact that someone or something is in a particular place
president
person in charge of a country, company, or organization
principal
- most important; main; 2. the person in charge of a (US) public school
principle
strong belief that influences a person’s actions; basic law or belief
to make many copies of a page, magazine, or book
prison
a place where people who have committed serious crimes are held
turn
to change the direction of something (e.g., a car)
professional
about a job such as a doctor, lawyer, accountant, etc.
property
things, buildings, or pieces of land owned by someone
vegetable
a plant that is raised and eaten as food
row
a straight line of people or things; one after another
provision
- supplies that are needed or wanted; something that is supplied; 2. part of a law or an agreement
sheet
a large piece of fabric or material that is used to cover something, often a bed
race
contest between people, animals, or vehicles, to determine which is the fastest
rank
to place someone or something in higher or lower position relative to others
ready
prepared to do something
recommendation
suggestion about someone or something being a good choice
water
clear liquid that forms the seas, rivers, and rain
reflect
to bounce back off a surface (e.g., light)
region
part of a country, of the world, area, etc.
shirt
a light piece of clothing with sleeves for the upper body
relation
manner in which people, groups, or countries behave toward one another
relax
to stop feeling nervous or worried; to rest and do something enjoyable
release
to allow to leave jail, cage, prison, etc.
relevant
direct related to a subject in a considerable way
which
question word to ask about a person’s choice
rely
able to depend on
voter
a person who can vote in an election
represent
to stand in the place or to act the part of
witness
a person who sees something happen
would
modal verb used to indicate possibility, request, etc.
ring
to produce a sound from a bell, alarm, or telephone; a piece of jewelry worn on a finger
write
to make letters and words on paper or a screen
joint
- (n.) place where two things meet; 2. (adj.) done together
reserve
- (v) to arrange to use a room or table at a particular time; 2. (n) a store of something
pupil
- a child or young person who is being taught; a student; 2. the black round part in the center of the eye that lets in light
sample
to try something to see if you like it (e.g., food)
scientist
a person who is trained to gain knowledge by making predictions, testing them, and developing theories
seat
something on which a person can sit
secret
something that you don’t want others to know; private
secretary
an employee who does general office work for another person in the office
security
things done to protect people, buildings, a country, etc., from harm
seriously
in a serious way; in a way that shows something is important
session
period of time for doing a particular activity
pitch
- the level of a sound; 2. a throw of a ball; 3. a speech to sell something; 4. black substance that is sticky when hot and hard when dry
second
2nd; the one following first
hour
60 minutes; one of 24 equal units of time in a day
fault
a bad quality or part of someone or something; responsibility for a mistake or bad situation
shoe
outer covering worn on the foot to protect it usually sold in pairs
shot
the act of firing a gun, or kicking or throwing a ball at a goal
god
a being with special powers that cannot be explained by nature
sight
the ability to see
sign
something such as a mark or event that shows that something exists, is true, is happening or will happen
signal
An action, change, or process that gives information about something
muscle
a body tissue that can become longer or shorter and moves the body
enterprise
a business or organization
site
present, former, or future location of something, such as a building
skin
outer layer of an animal’s or human’s body
company
a business that sells things or provides services
slowly
done in a way that takes a long time
smile
to show happiness by pulling up the corners of your mouth
symptom
a change in someone or something that shows they have an illness or problem
revolution
a change in the way a country is governed, usually by violence or war; a complete change
amendment
a change, addition, or improvement to something
carbon
a chemical element (C) found in all living things
square
shape with four sides of equal length sides and four right (90°) angles
cousin
a child of your uncle or aunt
insight
a clear idea about how something works
orange
a color that is a mixture of red and yellow
tournament
a competition made up of a series of games between many competitors
bin
a container for storing things
stock
piece of a business bought in the form of shares
strongly
in a strong manner; in a very serious way
structure
way something is built, arranged, or organized
studio
the building or room where art is made, such as paintings, movies, or music
style
the particular way something is done or made
emotion
a feeling such as sadness, anger, or love
mother
a female who has a child or children
succeed
to finally achieve something that you were trying to achieve
slice
a flat piece of food that has been cut from a bigger piece
disk
a flat round object
resolution
a formal agreement or statement decided by a group of people
suspect
to think that someone may have committed a crime or done something wrong
switch
to change from one thing to another; a thing you move to change from one thing to another
negotiation
a formal discussion to reach an agreement
welfare
a government program to help poor people
taste
the particular quality of food or drink that can be sensed by a person’s mouth
tear
- (v) to damage something by pulling it apart; 2. (n) drop of salty water from the eye
technology
use or knowledge of science in industry, engineering, etc.
family
a group of people who are related through blood
television
device that broadcasts programs, movies, or show
temperature
a measure of how hot or cold something is (e.g., the weather)
theory
idea or set of ideas that try to explain facts or events
species
a group of related animals or plant
dozen
a group of twelve people or things
tie
to join together two ends of string or rope; to join two or more things together with string or rope
phrase
a group of words that forms a unit and expresses a single meaning
tool
device used to make things (e.g., a hammer or driver)
touch
to feel an object with your fingers, etc.
gesture
a hand or body movement that expresses a particular idea or feeling
city
a heavily populated area with many buildings and roads
tradition
way of thinking, and behaving that was used for a long time
bell
a hollow metal object shaped like a cup that rings when it is hit
disorder
a lack of organization
troop
group of soldiers; an organized group
true
agreeing with the facts; not false; real or actual
chicken
a large bird that is raised on farms for its eggs and meat
union
organization of people or groups who have a similar interest or particular goal
user
person that uses a service or thing (e.g., a website)
variety
particular types of things or persons
convention
a large meeting of the members of a profession, organization, or who have the same interests
victim
person who has suffered from a crime, bad situation, or event
violence
use of physical force to harm someone or damage something
lot
A large quantity, or number taken together
truck
a large road vehicle used to carry things
wake
to stop sleeping; to make someone stop sleeping
a letter, package, or email
wear
to have clothes, glasses, shoes, etc., on your body
weather
whether it is raining, sunny, cold, etc., outside
wed
to marry; to get married
west
the direction where the sun sets; opposite of east
agenda
a list of subjects that people will discuss at a meeting
gaze
a long continuous look at someone or something
far
a long way away
counter
a long, flat surface in a shop or kitchen where work is done
passage
a long, narrow area that connects one place to another
wood
hard material that trees are made of and is used for building and fuel
heavily
a lot or to a great degree
much
a lot; large amount; a high degree of
writer
professional who writes books, articles, etc.
aircraft
a machine that can fly
motor
a machine that uses energy to make something work or move
ability
power, money, knowledge, or skill to do something
cloud
a mass of water vapor in the sky, as when it is going to rain
leather
a material made from the skin of an animal
inch
a measure of length; 1/12 of a foot (2.54 centimeters)
above
in a higher place than something else
abortion
a medical operation to end the time when a female is going to have a baby
motion
a movement; the way something moves
web
a net made by spiders; many things connected together
absolutely
completely; totally; very
minority
a part of a group that is less than half of the whole; a small part
mechanism
a part or a set of parts of a machine that has a particular function
accept
to agree to receive or take something offered
edition
a particular version of something that is sold to the public
access
an entrance to a place; a way in
trail
a path through the countryside, often where people walk
circle
a perfectly round shape or a group arranged in that shape
accord
agreement or harmony
account
arrangement with a bank to keep your money for you
day
a period of 24 hours
era
a period of time in history that is special for a particular reason
achieve
to succeed in doing something good, usually by working hard
chairman
a person in charge of a meeting
manufacturer
a person or company that makes a product
acquire
to get or earn something by thinking or working
server
a person or thing that brings things to you when asked to
pilot
a person who controls an airplane, spacecraft, or boat
act
to behave in a certain way
action
something that a person or thing does
active
moving around a lot or doing many things
actor
person who acts in the theater, movies, or tv
actual
real or existing in fact, not imagined; real
lover
a person who likes someone or something very strongly
ad
public notice or advertisement
refugee
a person who ran away from his or her country because of war
addition
fact of adding something; thing that is added
additional
further or added
address
exact street location of a place
scholar
a person who studies and knows a lot about a particular subject
researcher
a person who studies something carefully to learn new information
terrorist
a person who uses fear or violence for a political purpose
admit
to agree that you did something bad, or that something bad is true
adopt
to take on responsibility for something
adult
person or animal that is fully grown
advance
to move forward in a certain direction
advantage
thing making the chance of success higher
servant
a person who works in another person’s house and takes care of them
advertise
to show how good a product is, to make people buy
advice
suggestion about what someone should do
critic
a person whose job is to give opinions about books, movies, or other forms of art
rival
a person, team, or organization that competes with another; a competitor
affair
event or a set of events, often unpleasant ones
affect
to do something that changes something else
afford
to have enough money to pay for something
afraid
worried that something bad will happen; scared
advertisement
a picture, short film, text, etc., that tells people about a product or service
afternoon
time after 12:00 and before the evening meal
log
a piece of a tree that has been cut
draft
a piece of writing or plan that is not yet finished
drama
a piece of writing that tells a story about a serious subject or an exciting event
agency
business that provides some service for others
laboratory
a place for doing research and experiments
agent
person who can represent and decide for others
pub
a place that sells alcohol and food
shelter
a place to live or stay that protects someone from weather
agree
to have the same opinion as someone else
agreement
when you share the same opinion or reach a decision
resort
a place where people go on holiday
ahead
in or toward the front
aid
to provide things useful or needed by others
aim
act of pointing something at a target
air
mixture of gases around the earth that we breathe
end
a point that marks the limit of something; finish
elderly
a polite word for ‘old’, used to describe people
platform
a raised area for people to stand on
panel
a rectangular piece of wood, metal, etc., that is a part of something bigger; a group of people who discuss something
rose
a red flower used to show love
chamber
a room or space inside something used for a special purpose
restriction
a rule or law that limits what people can do
storage
a safe place to keep something until it is needed
clause
a separate part of a contract, a will, or another legal document
uniform
a set of clothes that show you are part of a group or school
website
a set of internet pages that give information about a particular person or organization
alone
without anyone or anything else
dish
a shallow container for cooking or serving food
cooperation
a situation where everyone works together to get something done
