Academic 02 Flashcards
diagram
a drawing intended to explain how something works
diameter
the distance across the center of an object
diary
blank book in which you write what you did each day
dictionary
a book with the spellings and meanings of many words
differentiate
to see or show a difference between things
differentiation
a discrimination between things as different and distinct
dilemma
a position in which a person must make difficult choices
dioxide
an oxide containing two oxides per molecule
disadvantage
a negative point; a downside; difficulty
displacement
the act of taking the place of something or someone else
dissolve
to melt into a liquid so that a substance mixes with the liquid itself
domain
a field of action, thought or influence; an area of knowledge
donor
a person or group that gives gifts or money to help support an organization or cause
duration
the length of time that something lasts
dynamic
always active or changing; in physics: a force related to motion
ecological
concerning the environment, plants, or animals
electron
a negatively charged particle
elementary
basic, simple, or essential
emperor
man who rules an empire
empirical
based on observation or experiment
entity
something that is real
essence
the most important part or quality of something
ethical
morally right or wrong
ethics
the moral principles, standards, and rules for deciding what is right and wrong
exit
a door that you go through to leave a place
expertise
the special knowledge that an expert has
fever
a high body temperature
fluid
a material that can easily flow. e.g. water
forum
meeting where people can openly discuss a subject
fossil
a plant or animal that has become rock after many thousands of years
fraction
a part of a whole
fracture
the result of breaking a hard material; a crack
fringe
the edge of something; such as the decorative edge on a piece of clothing
fusion
when different styles, ideas or designs combine to form something new; in physics: when atoms combine to produce nuclear energy
gauge
a tool used to measure things
goat
small animal with beard and horns
graph
image expressing numerical data in lines or shapes
grid
a metal structure with bars that is used to cover a hole
gut
the parts inside: a human body, animal body or a machine
habitat
the natural place, or type of place, where a plant or animal lives
harvest
the time of year to bring crops in from the fields
hierarchy
a system for organizing people or things according to their importance
horizon
the line where the earth or sea meets the sky
horizontal
flat or level
hormone
a chemical produced by the body to control some function
hydrogen
the lightest of all chemical elements, has no smell or color
illusion
an image that seems real, but is not real
implicit
not stated directly
impulse
a sudden desire to do something that is not planned
incidence
the rate that something happens
incline
a slope or surface that rises uphill
inclusion
act of including; person/thing that is included
indifference
a lack of enthusiasm or interest in things; seeming not to care
indigenous
living or growing naturally in an area, not brought from somewhere else
indirect
having a path that is not straight or direct
induce
to cause, to persuade
inference
an opinion that you form based on information you already have
infinite
without an end
informal
not official; not done by the rules
inhibit
to make it difficult for a process to start or continue in a normal way
inhibition
the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ; the act of blocking or holding back
insect
a small animal with 6 legs, such as a bee or ant
integral
part of something
interface
a shared boundary between two persons or systems through which information is communicated.
interval
the distance between two points, numbers or times
invade
to enter a place with an aim of taking control of it
jazz
a type of American music known for its energetic beat and parts that musicians make up as they go along
leaf
the green part of a tree or plant
leisure
time when you have no work to do and can relax
lever
a handle that one pulls to operate a machine
likewise
in the same way, in addition to
limb
leg, arm or wing
linear
made of lines
linguistic
belonging to language
linguistics
the study of human languages
liver
a large organ in the body that helps to absorb food and clean the blood
loop
a round shape
lung
an organ used to breathe
magnitude
size or importance
manuscript
a document, a piece of writing
marble
a kind of stone; metamorphosed limestone
matrix
a substance, situation, or environment in which something has its origin - in math: an arrangement of numbers in rows and columns
maximize
to increase, or become as large or great as possible
mediate
to bring about an agreement between persons or groups, act as a helper
metaphor
a figure of speech based on analogy
mineral
a substance naturally formed in the ground
minimal
the smallest possible
minimize
to make something as small as possible
momentum
speed or force that is gained when something moves
monetary
concerning money, often referring to a country’s economic system
monopoly
complete control of the market for a service or product
multiply
to increase greatly in number
necessity
something that you must have or do
noble
having personal qualities that people admire
nonetheless
in spite of that, nevertheless
nonlinear
not in a line
norm
an established standard of performance or behavior
obscure
not famous, unknown by most people; not easy to understand
optical
concerning vision or helping people see
organism
living thing, often one that is small
outlet
a way for something to be released; a pipe, hole or wire through which gas, liquid or electricity flows
overhead
located above your head or in the sky
overlap
To lie over or cover a part of something else
oxygen
a gas in the air that has no smell or taste, and that all animals need to breathe
paradox
a saying that seems contrary to popular belief, but which may be true
parameter
a characteristic or constant factor, a limit.
particle
a very small piece of something
peripheral
not connected to the main or important part of something
physician
a medical doctor
physics
the study of heat, light, and other forms of energy and how they affect objects
plural
refers to more than one person or thing
polar
concerning the areas near the North or South poles
portfolio
a list of the financial assets held by an individual or other financial institution
portray
to represent something or someone in a particular way, often for artistic purposes
portrayal
the way that something or someone is represented in a book, film, picture or other context
poster
a large, printed notice or picture
predator
an animal that feeds itself by killing and eating other animals
predominantly
in a way that is larger, greater or has more power than others
prejudice
an unreasonable hatred for a group of people, usually a race or a religion
preliminary
before
prevalence
widespread, common, general
prey
an animal that is killed and eaten by another animal
primitive
being of an early time period in the past
proposition
an idea; a suggestion
protocol
a set of rules; computers use protocol so they can exchange information
pulse
beat of the heart
questionnaire
form used to get information from many people
rack
a frame, stand or hook on which things are set or hung
realm
the area ruled by a king or queen
regression
going back; in statistics: a type of correlational procedure that focuses on predicting the values of an outcome based on its correlation with another variable.
rehabilitation
a scheme to help someone who has been ill or in prison to return to a healthy, independent, and useful life
residual
concerning the last little bit, after the rest has gone or ended
residue
left over after part or most is taken away
retrieve
to find and get something from somewhere
rhetoric
the study of public speaking or writing techniques
robot
a mechanical creature that acts like a human
rotate
to move or turn around a central point
rotation
movement in a circle around a central point
scenario
an outline; an imagined sequence of events in a plan or project
scholarship
money given to a student to pay for education
seminar
a small class at a college or university
sensation
a feeling that is experienced by the body, usually through the sense of touch
shallow
not deep; a small distance between the lowest and highest point
simulate
to look, feel, or behave like something; to copy
simulation
a copy; a method that is used to study and analyze the characteristics of the real world
sketch
a drawing made quickly that lacks detail
skip
to not do; to jump
slot
a long narrow opening, into which you put or fit something
sodium
a soft, white chemical element
span
the amount of time something lasts
spatial
about space
specimen
an example of something, especially of a plant or an animal; a small amount of blood or urine
spectrum
the wavelengths of colors from red to violet
sphere
a round 3D object. e.g. a ball
spontaneous
something that happens on its own, seemingly without cause
stack
To put one thing on top of another e.g. books
stadium
very large building with a sports field and rows of seats all around that is used for various events
stance
a position or opinion that is stated to the public
stereotype
an idea or belief about what someone or something is like, often unfair or untrue
stimulus
something that makes a change.
straightforward
easy to do or understand; not complicated
strand
something that is plaited or twisted as a rope-like length
stripe
a long, thin part of something which is a different color from the parts beside it
subjective
the use of personal feelings and opinions, rather than facts
surgeon
a doctor who performs surgery
surplus
extra; more than is needed
syndrome
a group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease
synthesis
building something complex from simple parts
terminal
the end of something
thesis
a long essay; a position taken in an argument supported by a set of reasons
thread
a long, very thin, soft material used to join or make cloth
threshold
a level or point at which something would start or stop happening.
thumb
the short, thick finger on the side of your hand
toxic
poisonous; harmful
trait
a characteristic
transcription
something written
transplant
a medical operation in which a new organ is placed inside a patient’s body
trauma
a very severe or upsetting experience
triangle
a closed shape with three straight sides
tropical
hot and humid; near to the equator
tumor
a mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably
tutor
a teacher
undermine
to weaken or destroy something secretly and usually slowly
unify
to join or bring together
upward
moving toward a higher point or position
utilize
to use something practically for a particular purpose
utterance
something that is said
vein
one of the little tubes that return blood from the body to the heart
verbal
using speech, rather than being written
vertical
a line going up/down; not horizontal
viable
able to be done; possible
vitamin
a substance that is healthy for your body and can be found in foods or taken as a medicine
abdominal
Concerned with the abdomen or stomach
aggregate
a sum total amount of something
algorithm
a step-by-step problem-solving feature
altitude
the height of something above sea level
analogy
comparison of things based on their similarity
antibiotic
concerning medicine that is used to fight certain diseases
antibody
a defense provided by the body against disease
appendix
additional information at the end of a document
applause
the sound made by clapping a performance or speech
arbitrary
unsupported
axis
a line about which a rotating body, such as the earth, turns.
bracket
a 90 degree piece of metal used to support a wall shelf
coefficient
a number multiplied by a variable in an algebraic expression.
composite
made of more than one different part
cone
a 3D shape with a circular base; a part of the eye
converge
to come together
convergence
coming together
cue
a word or action during a stage play to tell an actor to speak
cylinder
a shape or object with flat, circular ends and long, straight sides
degrade
to treat someone without respect; to reduce in amount or strength
delta
the place a river divides before entering a larger body of water
deviation
not standard or normal; in statistics: the difference between one of a set of values and some fixed value, usually the mean of the set.
diagnostic
to do with finding out the cause of a problem
differential
difference; diversity
diffusion
the movement of light in many directions
dilute
to mix; to reduce in strength, concentration, quality or purity
dominance
the state of being more powerful, successful, or important than others
dye
a liquid that colors hair or cloth
ecology
the study of plants, animals, people, and their environments
elastic
able to return to original shape or size after stretching
elasticity
the ability to stretch easily and then quickly return to the original shape
embed
to place or set inside rock, etc
enzyme
a protein made by cells
epidemic
a disease affecting many people
equilibrium
a state of balance
erase
to remove written information or information on a computer memory
fatigue
being very tired
fungus
a group of plants that grow on dead materials and have no flowers, e.g. mushrooms
gram
a metric unit of weight
hawk
a large bird that gets its food by killing smaller birds and animals
incumbent
a person who holds a particular office or position
inferior
not as good as something else
intermediate
between
ion
a charged atom
kidney
an organ in the body that cleans the blood
lateral
on the side; moving sideways
mall
a large shopping center with many individual stores
maternal
having to do with being a mother
membrane
a thin covering of tissue.
messenger
someone who delivers a messages
motif
a distinctive form, shape or figure in a design
multinational
involving many countries
mutation
a change; in genetics: any event that changes genetic structure
niche
a small area; a specialised business, job or activity
nitrogen
a colorless chemical element without a smell that forms most of the earth’s atmosphere
node
an intersection or junction point in a network; a part on a plant where a new leaf grows
nominal
in name or thought but not reality
nucleus
control center of a cell
numerical
includes numbers
nutrient
a chemical, food, that animals and plants need to live, develop, and be healthy
offspring
the child of a person or the young of a plant or animal
onset
the beginning
optimal
best
orient
to focus your attention or efforts on something
overview
a description of the main features of something
par
the usual amount
paradigm
a set of ideas that are used for understanding or explaining something
parcel
a package or box wrapped in paper, a thing bigger than a letter that is sent in the mail
pest
an unwanted insect or small animal that eats plants or food supplies
pesticide
a chemical substance used to kill pests
plantation
a large area of plants, usually in a hot climate
plausible
being reasonable and possibly true
pragmatic
dealing with problems in a reasonable, practical manner
precipitate
to cause to happen
precipitation
rain, snow or hail
qualitative
concerning how good something is, rather than quantity
quantum
the smallest unit or amount of energy
radar
a device that sends out radio waves for finding out the position of another object
replicate
to repeat something, such as an experiment, study or process
replication
the act of making copies
reservoir
a lake, usually artificial, where water is collected and stored for the use of a community or industry
scripture
the holy books of a particular religion
sediment
the material that settles to the bottom of a liquid
semantic
the different meanings of words
shuttle
a vehicle that carries passengers or items between two places
singular
one
slab
a thick, flat slice of something
slash
to cut violently
sniff
to smell by short intakes of air.
socialize
to teach people to behave in a way which is acceptable in their culture; to spend time with people
static
being unchangeable or unmovable
surgical
concerning surgery
susceptible
at risk of developing a certain illness or problem
swap
to trade or exchange
synthetic
not natural; made from artificial materials
temporal
concerning time
thermal
with reference to some source of heat
tolerance
a willingness to let people do, say or believe what they wish, without judging or challenging them
tract
a large stretch of land
trivial
unimportant
turbulent
moving violently and unevenly
undergraduate
a college student who is working toward his or her first degree
unintelligible
that cannot be understood
urine
yellow liquid waste from the body
usage
the way something is used
valve
a device along a pipe that can either open and allow something to flow, or close and block it
vegetation
plants
velocity
speed in a given direction
vocabulary
the words that a person knows
wheat
a kind of grain that is used to make flour for bread
whereby
by which; by that thing
antiquity
an ancient period; something made a long time ago
binary
having two parts; using only 2 numbers, 1 and 0
chess
a game of strategy, for two players
chromosome
cell structures that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed to the next generation.
contour
the shape of the outside edge of something
coronary
concerning the heart
corpus
a body; in linguistics: a body of words
deceive
to make someone believe something that is not true
deflection
the action of making something move in a different direction
denote
be a name or symbol for
dialect
a way of speaking a language that is used only in a particular area or by a particular group
discrete
separate; composed of distinct parts
encode
to change a message or information into code
epidemiology
the science of how diseases spread
facet
a part of something
fin
the flat, thin body parts of a fish that sticks out and helps guide it through water
finite
having limits; lasting for a limited time
flux
a state of flow and change
friction
the act of sliding two objects against each other
hepatitis
a disease of the liver that causes inflammation, yellow skin and a fever
induction
bringing about, or causing
invert
to turn something upside down
irrigation
supplying land with water using pipes
liter
metric unit for measuring liquid or gas
locus
a place or location; in genetics: the location of a gene on a chromosome
mentor
an experienced or wise person who teaches or helps another person
mercury
a heavy, silver-white metal that is used in thermometers to measure temperature; a planet
metabolism
the chemical processes of the body in which food is converted to energy
mole
a small animal with dark fur that lives under the ground; a unit for measuring molecules
neuron
a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.
notation
a set of written signs or shapes that are used in music or mathematics
novice
a person with little or no experience in a particular activity, skill, or subject
onwards
forward
oscillation
movement, from side to side at a steady speed; a frequent change in size, strength, or direction between two limits
partition
a wall, screen, or piece of glass used to separate one area from another
physiological
concerning how the body functions
quiz
a game in which players answer questions on a specific topic
radius
a given area or a range around a certain point; a line from the center of a circle to its edge
receptor
a device that receives information; in physiology: a nerve ending that changes stimuli into impulses
repertoire
a collection of skills or accomplishments.
respiratory
to do with breathing
scroll
a long rolled piece of paper with writing on it; to move up and down a computer screen
secrete
to produce a liquid
sensory
referring to the five senses (hearing, sight, smell, taste and touch)
solvent
something that dissolves or can melt another substance
sperm
male sex cell
syllable
a unit of speech
terminology
specific words and expressions used in a particular field
transcribe
to write something spoken
vector
a quantity that has both size and direction.
yeast
a single-celled fungi used to make bread and beer
amino
a substance that combines to form the structure of proteins
artifact
object made by humans, e.g. ancient tool
bilingual
being able to speak two languages well
chemotherapy
the treatment of diseases, such as cancer, using chemicals
confound
to confuse and greatly surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain a situation
dissection
the act or process of cutting something
dissertation
an in-depth paper submitted for a doctorate degree
entrant
a person who enters a contest
fetal
concerning a fetus, an unborn baby
gradient
a measure of how steep something is
grammatical
concerning grammatical rules
infinity
with out end; limitless
innate
present in a person or animal from the time of birth
longitudinal
going from the top to the bottom of something
marrow
a soft, fatty tissue inside bones
millimeter
1/1000th of a meter
morphological
the study of form and structure
morphology
the study of the forms and structures of plants, animals and words
neural
about the nerves or nervous system
null
having no impact
optimum
the best or most desirable
phenomenal
unusual, remarkable
phosphate
a salt or compound used to help grown plants
potassium
a common, soft, silvery white metal that is usually used for farming or industrial purposes
primer
a book that covers the basics of a subject; a kind of paint
proton
a very small part of an atom that has a positive electrical charge
soluble
can be mixed with a liquid, e.g. salt is soluble in water
substrate
a substance which a catalyst or enzyme has an effect on
subtract
to take away, e.g. 20 - 5 = 15
syllabus
the teaching schedule for a course in a school or university
trajectory
the path followed by an object moving through space
transparency
the amount you can see through something
vowel
a speech sound; a, e , i, o, u and sometimes y
watershed
a period of time during which important, significant changes take place
algebra
mathematics using letters and symbols in place of some numbers
amplitude
the breadth, width or largeness of something
biodiversity
the variation in an environment, the number of different types of life found there
chloride
a chemical compound that is a mixture of chlorine and something else
circa
an approximate time period
consonant
a speech sound; any letter in the alphabet that is not a vowel.
cortex
the outer part of an organ or structure
inversion
a change in position of things so they become the opposite
lexical
about words
multi
a prefix meaning ‘more than one’
phonological
concerning sound
postgraduate
graduate studying for a further degree
sneeze
to loudly blow air out of your nose or mouth in a sudden uncontrolled way
syntactic
grammatical
syntax
the study of a system, such as the system of words in a sentence
theorem
a statement that can be proved
aerosol
a container that sprays liquid under pressure
axiom
a statement that is accepted as true
calculus
a type of mathematics used for calculating such things as the slopes of curves
capillary
very small blood vessels
comma
mark showing a pause or list in a sentence
congruent
having the same shape and size
denominator
the bottom number in a fraction
equivalence
when something is equal to something else
exponential
a constant e raised to a power equal to a given expression: e.g. e3x is the exponential of 3x.
helix
a 3D spiral shape
herbicide
a poison that kills weeds
semi
a prefix meaning ‘half’
splice
act of connecting two pieces of rope or wire into one
connotation
an association; an implication
descriptor
a label; something that describes
oxidize
to convert (an element) into an oxide; combine with oxygen - to rust
parenthesis
one of two symbols ( and ), used in writing
semester
half a year in school or college
trans
a prefix meaning ‘across’, ‘through’ or ‘changing thoroughly’
volition
the act of making a conscious choice
factorial
concerning factors or factorials
solute
a substance that has dissolved in a solvent and become part of the liquid, so that they form a solution
mid
at (or near) the middle point
airplane
a machine that flies through the air
artwork
photographs or pictures in a printed publication
breakdown
when normal activity or behaviour stops
classroom
room in a school where lessons take place
feedback
a response to a message; information about a person’s behavior
footnote
extra information at the bottom of a page
halfway
a middle point between two extremes
handout
a piece of paper with information, often given out before a presentation
homework
work that a student is given to do at home
layout
plan or design of something, e.g. of book page
lifestyle
the type of life that you have
lifetime
the time between birth and death
pathway
a path or way that you can walk
rainfall
water falling from the sky
textbook
a book that is used to study
uplift
to make someone feel happier or more hopeful
wavelength
the size of a wave; a shared understanding
widespread
happening or existing in many places; affecting many people
workshop
a brief intensive course for a small group; emphasizes problem solving
anti
a prefix meaning ‘against’ or ‘opposed’
ex
a prefix meaning “out of,” “from,” or “not”
micro
a prefix meaning ‘very small’, such as microchip
neo
a prefix meaning ‘recent’ or ‘new’
non
a prefix meaning ‘not’
pi
the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle; approximately equal to 3.14
pole
a long, narrow piece of metal or wood, that is used to hold or support something
pre
a prefix meaning ‘before’
sub
a prefix meaning ‘under’ or ‘instead of’
super
of the highest quality; great; marvelous
headquarter
the main office of a company or organisation
identical
the same in every way
DESCENDENT
Offspring, next generation
