Academic 01 Flashcards
afterward
happening after something else happened
amongst
in or through a group
artistic
Being able to paint, write music, etc.; creative
backward
toward what is behind you
bodily
physically, as when lifting someone
carrier
a company, usually an airline, that carries things
collective
formed by working together as a group
computation
the act of calculating; method of computing
continuity
continued existence; fact of not stopping
definite
Not likely to change; clearly decided
freely
(living, existing) without being controlled
generalization
making a statement about a group from limited data
generalize
To apply a particular idea to a large group
goodness
nourishment; good food value
historically
throughout history
importantly
in an important way;
interestingly
you’ll find this surprising; in an interesting way
locally
Concerning the area around where you are
machinery
machines in general
marker
something that is easy to recognize or identify
meaningful
Having importance; showing someone’s intention
namely
that is to say, specifically
nationalism
The spirit of love of your country, e.g. leading to war
neat
Not messy; clean and orderly; simple and effective
nicely
in a pleasing way; in a polite way
noisy
full of noise; loud
outer
on or around something
painful
causing or feeling physical pain or hurt
pardon
to excuse
parental
concerning, or provided by, a parent
partial
not complete; being only part of something
partially
in part; in some degree; not wholly
photographic
concerning the art of making images with cameras
planner
notebook for recording appointments or things to do
problematic
being difficult to deal with or fix
readily
in a quick and easy manner
realism
accepting things as they are, not as you want
realistic
looks or appears real; like things really are
rewrite
to write again to improve, or correct errors
ruler
someone who has control over a country or area
sexuality
characterized and distinguished by sex
simplify
to make something easier to do, use or understand
sometime
at an unknown time in the future
specialty
the specific area of your field
subset
a small set which is part of a larger set
supposedly
as some people believe (shows you doubt it)
systematic
done in a thorough, logical or planned way
terribly
to an extreme degree; badly; very
thickness
the distance between the opposite edges of a thing
underneath
below or beneath something; under
unemployed
being without a job; jobless
whichever
whatever one
whoever
whatever person; any person at all
accent
a way of speaking that shows your dialect or class
actively
doing things to achieve a specific goal
adaptation
changing to a new form; thing that is changed
adaptive
able to adjust to new conditions
apple
hard round red or green fruit with a white center
authority
people in positions of power, able to decide things
availability
being present and able to be used
bang
to strike something loudly or forcefully
bat
object used for hitting a ball in various games
blank
being empty; not filled out; with no writing on it
bleed
to lose blood because of an injury
bound
to go to a specified place; to jump
broadly
in a general (not detailed) manner
bucket
open container with a handle used to carry liquids
calculation
process or result of using mathematics
calculator
a small electronic device used for calculation
characterization
the way someone or something is described
cheat
To act in dishonest manner to gain an advantage
cheers
a toast used when raising your glass to drink
clever
Showing intelligence; quick to understand or learn
clip
a metal holder used for keeping things together
clue
a piece of information that helps explain a situation or provide a solution to a problem
commentary
explanation or discussion of a written work/event
commonly
typically, normally; not unusually
comparable
being similar in some way
complication
action making something harder to do something
conditional
depending (on)
connector
a device that joins things together
conscious
aware of what is going on around you; not knocked out
consciousness
being awake
container
an object that can be used to hold things
correction
a change to make something right
correctly
in an accurate or correct manner
cure
a medicine or treatment that makes an ill person become healthy
detection
the act of discovering something or solving a crime
developmental
concerning the development or growth
directive
formal an order from an authority
disturbance
a noise or something that stops you from continuing what you were doing
economically
in an efficient manner; without using too much effort
economist
a person who studies economics
enormously
extremely, by a large amount
equality
the idea that all people have the same rights
flip
to rotate or turn something over
ghost
spirit of a dead person, appearing to the living
hedge
a fence made with small trees; avoid or try to avoid fulfilling
identification
(card or paper) that proves who a person is
incredible
very hard to believe
incredibly
extremely, hard to believe
indicator
an instrument that shows conditions in a machine, such as temperature, speed, pressure; in chemistry: a compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base
individually
in a way involving only that person
industrialization
process of creating and developing many businesses
industrialize
To make into something at an industrial level
inequality
situation where things are not equal/fair
influential
having the power to cause change; having influence
instability
not stable; changeable
intensity
great energy, strength, or concentration
intensive
needing great effort for a short period of time
interrupt
to cause something to stop happening for a time
interviewer
a person who asks questions to obtain information
junior
someone lower in rank
kilometer
a metric unit of length equal to 1000 meters
lab
laboratory; a place to do scientific experiments
likelihood
the chance that something might happen
lump
a small hard part of something smooth, soft, or continuous
mathematical
concerning numbers and equations
memorize
to study something so that you remember it
minus
(prep) being less than zero in number
monkey
an animal related to humans, which lives in trees
nasty
very bad, unpleasant, or offensive
nest
the home of a bird or spider
observer
someone whose job it is to watch or notice things
occurrence
specific instance of something happening
periodic
happening regularly, but not frequently
physically
in a manner related to the body
plug
an electrical connector; to fill or close tightly so liquid or air cannot pass
politically
in connection with government matters
positively
definitely or certainly
presume
to think that something is probably true
processor
a machine or company that prepares something and makes it ready for use
productive
doing a lot of work and achieving a lot
productivity
rate at which something is made or that people work
progression
process of developing over time
progressive
believing in modern ideas about social change
projection
an image on a screen
pronounce
to make the sound of a word or letter with your voice
punch
to make a quick hit with a closed hand
punish
to make someone suffer for bad behavior
punishment
the act of punishing someone
purely
for no other reason; only and completely
quotation
words that a person has said or written in a play, book or movie
ray
the lines of light coming from an object
reactive
easily reacting to; responsive
reactor
device to control nuclear energy as a power source
recipe
directions for making something
reliability
a quality that makes someone or something dependable and deserving of trust
replacement
the act of putting something new in the place of something that is old, broken or missing
resistant
not affected by something
ridiculous
something that deserves laughter, is foolish or funny
rope
a thick string made by twisting many fibers together
rub
to move something back and forth along a surface
selective
choosing through thoughtful comparison
separately
not with another person or thing
separation
a line that seperates; a point of parting; a gap
similarity
the degree to which people or things are the same
slavery
(n,) the state of being a slave
snake
an animal with with a long thin body and no arms or legs
socially
being with other people
specification
a detailed description of the design and materials used to make something.
spray
to make water or liquid fly in very small drops
stabilize
to make something stable or consistent, with no major changes
standardize
to change something in order to make everything the same or make everything agree
sword
a long metal weapon with a sharp point and edge
tech
short for ‘technology’ or ‘technician’
tempt
to make someone want something, even if it’s bad
tense
stretched tight and stiff
traditionally
something done in a customary or traditional manner
tricky
difficult to do or deal with; something that needs skill
unstable
likely to move from its position or fall
variability
(statistics) degree scores depart from the mean
variance
(statistics) amount of difference in distributions
variant
thing that differs from something of the same kind
wisdom
knowledge gained from experience in life
absorb
to take in a liquid; soak up
absorption
process of being absorbed (e.g. liquid, attention)
accelerate
to increase the speed or rate of something
acceleration
increase in the speed or rate of something
accumulate
To gather or acquire so that you have more of it
accumulation
The act of getting or becoming bigger or more over time
accuracy
being exactly right; correctness
accurately
exactly and without any mistakes; correctly
acid
sour substance that reacts with metals e.g. lemon
acidic
containing acid
admission
the act of taking responsibility for an error or mistake
adolescent
Teenager developing into an adult
affirm
to state, strengthen or support a belief you have
agriculture
the science of farming
alien
person or creature from a planet other than Earth
alliance
A group of people or organizations being joined or associated
allocate
To distribute or set apart for a plan or purpose
allocation
The distribution of items set apart according to a plan or purpose
approximate
about; not exact but close
approximation
something that is similar, but not an exact copy
archaeology
the study of ancient societies by looking at old tools, bones and buildings
architect
person who designs and advises on buildings
aspect
an element, feature, or quality of something
assembly
a group of machine parts forming a tool or machine
assert
To state or declare your ideas positively strongly
assignment
A duty that you are give to do (especially in the armed forces)
athletic
fit and strong; physically capable
atom
smallest bit that matter can be broken down into
atomic
concerning atoms
audit
to examine carefully for accuracy
bacteria
the very small creatures that sometimes cause disease in humans and animals
bacterial
concerning or caused by bacteria
bargain
something bought for a lower price than expected
beam
a long piece of metal or wood; a line of light or energy
behavioral
concerning the way people act
cattle
cows or bulls on a farm
circulate
to go round continuously
circulation
the movement of blood through the body
civilization
a highly developed society
clarify
to state again so that a point is clearer
client
person paying for professional services
clinic
local medical center; department of a hospital
colonial
of a system where one country controls another
colony
country or settlement controlled by another country
communicative
talkative; cooperative in giving information
communist
believer in communism
compensate
to give (money) to as a form of correcting a loss
competent
fully qualified or capable of doing
composer
a music writer
conceive
to think of, or create, something new (e.g. idea, child)
conception
an idea or notion; the first stage in pregnancy
conceptual
characterized by concepts or the forming of concepts
conduction
the transmission of heat, electricity or sound
confine
to keep something or someone within a limited area so it cannot escape
consent
to agree or allow to do something
conservation
the management of land and water in ways that stop it from being damaged
conserve
to keep safe
constitution
a law determining the fundamental political principles of a government
constrain
To make someone do something by strong persuasion or force
consultation
a discussion between people to make a decision
consumption
how much is spent on things; the process of eating and drinking
continent
one of the very large areas of land on Earth that are usually divided into several countries
contradict
to disagree, to say the opposite is true
contradiction
the act of saying that something is not true or very different
contradictory
containing information, statements, or beliefs that do not agree with one another
controversy
strong public disagreement about something
coordinate
to bring order and organization to something; in maths: any of the magnitudes that serve to define the position of a point or line by reference to a fixed figure or system of lines.
coordination
organizing people or things to make them work together effectively
correlate
to show the relationship between two items or events.
correlation
a measure of the relationship between two variables
correspondence
Communication by letters, emails or text messages
corruption
actions that are illegal or morally questionable, often performed by a person in a position of power
criteria
standard used to make judgments or decisions
critically
in a way that is serious or dangerous; vitally
crystal
a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical
curriculum
group of related courses in a school or college
cyclic
a series of regular and repeated actions
damp
a little wet
deliberately
in a careful, considered manner
demonstrator
person who shows how something works e.g. product
dense
very thick and difficult to see/get through
depict
to describe someone or something
derivative
something that has developed or been obtained from something else
dictate
to speak while another person (or computer) writes the words down
dimensional
having parts that extent in a number of directions
disability
a condition that limits a person’s ability to do something
discharge
to release someone or something
discourse
talk, conversation
discrimination
the ability to recognize the difference between things; treating different groups of people unfairly
distribution
NAME?
diverse
very different from each other
dominant
strongest
domination
authority; rule; control
dose
an amount of medicine to be taken at any one time
drain
a pipe that removes water, or other liquids
drift
to move slowly
effectiveness
the degree of how well something works or is done
elaborate
to be made or done with great care or with much detail
elevate
to make something higher
elevation
the height of a place
elimination
the act or process of removing or being removed
elite
important people of high status
emergence
the process of emerging/coming out
emission
a substance (e.g. gas) released into the air
emit
formal to release or send out (a gas, etc)
enforcement
the act or process of making sure that rules are followed
essentially
basically, primarily
estimation
judgment; opinion; guess at the value of
evident
plain, clear
evolutionary
concerning evolution
execute
To kill someone, usually as an official punishment
execution
killing a person as a (usually legal) punishment
explicit
definite; clearly stated; specific
explicitly
clearly; specifically
exploit
to use something or someone selfishly or unethically
fabric
cloth
facilitate
To make an action or process easier
faculty
the teachers in a school or college
fertility
the state of a female being able to produce young
fiber
a thin, threadlike part of an animal hair or plant tissue; an artificial thread; body cells that form muscles and nerves; a food substance
flesh
the soft parts of the body
flexibility
the quality of being able to be bent or stretched
formally
in a formal manner; officially
formulation
the development of a plan, system, or proposal
founds
to be based on, started or created by
fundamentally
in a basic and important way
genetically
caused or controlled, or by genes
genetics
the scientific study of genes, how a living things develop between generations
globalization
international spread of something, e.g. company
goods
general term for things that are bought or sold
grasp
to grip something firmly with the hands
gravity
the force that makes things fall down towards the ground
gross
total amount; extreme or unreasonable
hip
the upper part of the leg
ideology
ideas or beliefs which form theory and policy
immune
not affected by something, such as a disease
impact
a striking effect or result to hit with force
independently
in a manner being free from the control of another
inevitably
happening with complete certainty
infect
to give someone a disease
infectious
capable of causing infection, by the spreading of a bacteria or virus to others
initiate
to start
initiation
a formal entry into an organization, position or office
inject
to put medicine into someone with a syringe
injection
a way to put (inject) a drug or another substance into your body
insert
to put something in something
instinct
the natural way a person or animal thinks or behaves, knowledge that is not learned
integration
act of bringing things together into a whole
interact
an action that is answered by a reaction, verbal or physical
interfere
to get involved in the business of others without invitation
intervene
to get involved, to prevent trouble
invasion
an entry into a place for the purpose of taking control
irrelevant
not important, not related to the topic
justification
a reason or fact that explains why something happens or exists
lecturer
a junior teacher in university
legend
old story generally believed, although not proven
legitimate
being reasonable and sound
liable
legally responsible for something
logical
sensible; reasonable
magnetic
having the properties of a magnet, being able to attract.
manipulate
to control something or someone
manipulation
the act of controlling something or someone
manual
needing the use of physical strength or work; a book of information or instructions
marginal
very small; on the edge; not important
mechanic
a person who looks after machinery
mechanical
using or having to do with machines
media
means of communication (tv, newspapers, internet)
merge
to cause two or more things to become combined into one
methodology
system of practices or techniques to show how to do tasks
migrate
to move from place to another to live or work
migration
the process by which people or animals move to another place
missile
a weapon, usually thrown, shot or launched
mobility
the ability to move
modification
a small change to a machine, system, or plan
molecular
about or caused by molecules
molecule
two or more atoms chemically combined
morality
beliefs or ideas about what is right and wrong
mortality
the quality or state of being human and being able to die
motive
a reason for doing something
myth
a popular belief that is false or unsupported by fact
naked
not wearing any clothes; without covering
neutral
not involved; without strong feeling; without electrical charge; not acidic or akaline
objection
reason for not supporting or agreeing with a plan
obtain
To be given or to earn something through efforts
occupation
a career or regular job
oral
by mouth
organ
large wind instrument similar to a piano
orientation
the ability to locate oneself in your environment with reference to time, place, and people
peasant
a person of low social status, usually who works on a farm
philosopher
a person who studies ideas about things such as the meaning of life and truth
philosophical
concerning philosophy
powder
a dry substance made up of very small pieces
practitioner
a person working in a profession, such as medicine
precede
to go before
prediction
a statement of what will happen next.
probe
a system or piece of equipment that is used to get information; in medicine: a long thin instrument used for looking inside your body
profound
showing a lot of deep knowledge or thought
prominent
being important or well known
psychiatric
concerning or used in psychiatry
psychologist
an expert who studies the mind and behavior
psychology
the study of the mind and how it affects behaviour
publish
to prepare a book, journal, magazine and make it available
puzzle
a problem that requires thought and skill to be solved
quantitative
the describing or measuring of quantity.
radiation
energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays, waves or particles.
randomize
to arrange in a random order
randomly
with no pattern or clear purpose; by chance
rational
sensible; based on facts
rationality
being able to think clearly
reconstruct
to rebuild something after it has been destroyed
regime
a system of management; a form of government
reinforce
to strengthen
rejection
the act of refusing to consider or believe something
render
to cause someone or something to behave in a particular way, or to enter into a particular condition
reproduce
to make a copy of something
reproduction
the process that produces the next generation
republic
a country governed by elected representatives
resemble
to be similar to someone or something in looks or manner
revolutionary
a significant change in something
rhythm
a pattern of sound and beats in music
ritual
performed as part of a formal ceremony
scatter
to make things separate and go in different directions
sensible
having the ability to judge something reasonably
sensitivity
being sensitive; in physiology: the ability of an organism or part of an organism to react to stimuli; in electronics: the ability of a radio device to react to incoming signals
shortly
quickly; soon
simultaneously
at the same time as
sin
a bad act; to do something bad
sophisticate
to make more complex or refined
sponsorship
money given to a student to pay for education
statistical
about statistics
statistically
with respect to statistics
statistics
a type of mathematics that provide specific information or prove something
strategic
concerned with strategy; well thought out
strictly
restricted to something
substitution
a person or thing acting or serving in place of another; to put (a person or thing) in the place of another.
subtle
difficult to notice, understand, or see
sufficiently
to a degree great enough to do something
suicide
the act of purposely killing yourself because you no longer wish to live
superior
better; higher quality
sustainable
capable of continuing for a long time at the same level; does not damage the environment
swell
to become larger than normal, often because of injury
symbolic
representing a larger quality
technically
in an exact and particular manner
theorist
a person who forms new ideas
thereby
by that means; because of that
ton
a unit of weight equal to 907 kilograms
transaction
an exchange; in business this usually involves money
transformation
a complete change in shape or form of something
translation
changing from one form to another. e.g. changing from one language to another
transmission
an electronic signal that has been sent by radio waves; a force that has been transferred from one machine to another
transmit
to broadcast by using electrical signals to a radio or TV
treaty
an agreement between nations
tremendous
having great size, excellence, or power
tribe
a racial group united by language, religion and customs
ultimate
happening or coming at the end of process, final
unity
being in full agreement; being joined together
utility
being useful; a public service such as gas, water, or electricity that is used by everyone
vague
not clearly stated
valid
sound; just; well-founded
validity
how true something is; in statistics: the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure.
virtue
a good quality
weave
to make something by crossing threads over and under each other
activate
To make something start working
acute
strong; very serious or severe
adjacent
being close or near to a border, wall, or point
adverse
negative or harmful
aesthetic
concerning the sense of artistic beauty
aluminum
very light silvery-white metal used to make cans
ancestor
a person from your family that lived in the past
anthropology
the study of human origins and the development of society
array
a large group of people or things; a regular order or arrangement; in maths: a series of figures.
arrow
a symbol to give direction; a long piece of wood shot from a bow
articulate
to express something clearly using language
artificial
not made by people; not created by nature
auction
To sell to a person offering the highest price
audio
concerning sound
autonomy
the power to make independent decisions
barrel
a round container with curved sides and flat ends
basin
a sink; a place in a bathroom to wash your face
biologist
a scientist who studies living things
biology
the study of living things
bizarre
odd or strange
bonus
extra money for achieving/exceeding target
bubble
a small ball of air inside of a liquid
bulk
big size; largeness; heaviness
bullet
metal object fired from a gun
bundle
a group of things that are tied together
calcium
a substance important for human and animal health, particularly for making bones and teeth
campus
the site of an institution, such as a university campus
capitalism
economic system based on private ownership of money
capitalist
one believing in private ownership of money
censor
to remove parts of a book, film or letter for moral, religious, or political reasons
chemistry
the study of the structure of substances
chronic
over a long time; serious
chunk
a large bit of something; thick lump
cinema
a place for showing movies
classification
putting similar items into groups or sets
classify
To arrange things into groups of similar items
clay
heavy, sticky earth used to make pottery
clone
to make an exact copy of a living thing
closure
the act of closing something
cognitive
the process of knowing and remembering
coherent
(of language/ideas) logical and well-organized
commodity
Something useful or valuable, usually for sale
compact
packed together; closely united; small
comparative
expressing a difference in degree
competence
ability to do something in a fully satisfactory way
complement
something needed to complete or make perfect
comply
to act in agreement with another’s wishes; to obey a rule
comprehension
ability to understand
configuration
a shape or outline; a method of arrangement
consensus
a decision that is shared by most of the members of a group
contrary
different; opposite
cord
a long, strong material, thicker than string but not as thick as rope; an electrical wire
credibility
quality of being believable or deserving of trust
critique
a review of the quality of a work
crude
basic or made without skill, such as a crude drawing
deadline
a date or time before which something must be done
decay
to be slowly broken down by natural processes
defect
a problem; a fault
deficiency
without something that is necessary
dependence
relying on someone for (financial) support
destination
the place one is traveling to
diagnose
to determine the cause of something, e.g. an illness
diagnosis
a judgment by a doctor about a person’s illness
