Gene technique

Question 1

how we transform plants

Answer 1

• isolating a trait gene, amplify the number of the gene and insert it into a plasmid
• the plasmid would then insert the gene into the genome of the target organism (gene gun or dipping)
• gene would integrate linearly

Question 2

Identification of GMO

Answer 2

• Screening of selective matter
• fluorescence
• herbicide-tolerant
• biochemical stain
• antibiotic resistance
• PCR and gel electrophoresis

Question 3

why we transform plants

Answer 3

• research (a higher understanding of plant)

- Food security (Protecting or Improving corps)

Question 4

Golden rice

Answer 4

• Vitamin A deficiency cause blindness and other metabolical disease
• common in countries where rice is a staple food
• Golden rice contain Beta carotene, the precursor of vitamin A
• same as normal rice except for extra beta carotenne

Question 5

BT-corn

Answer 5

• Developed for over 20 years, now on sale in the USA
• Protect corn from insect attack
• BT is a protein that affects harmful pest, not human and useful insect

Question 6

Meaning of genetic modification

Answer 6

• the process of adding one or more foreign gene into the genome of another organism to give them functional capacity that they normally doesn’t have
• also called genetic engineering

Question 7

Why do we produced modified animal

Answer 7

• increase in yield or nutritional value
• create disease resistance animal
• reduce environmental impact
• produce pharmaceutical product

Question 8

different in gene therapy and GMO

Answer 8

-In gene therapy, a virus is used as a vector and the gene have a limited active time(temporary) while in GM animal alter the genome of the animal permanently

Question 9

Method in GM of animal

Answer 9

Method1
-embryonic stem cell is removed and culture
-the gene is inserted into the stem cell embryo
-embryonic stem cell that carry the gene in separated and inject into an embryo
-the embryo is then implanted into a foster mother
-cross between offspring for homozygous line
Method2
-DNA is injected into fertelize egg before implatation into a foster mother
-check for gene expression

Question 10

Some GM animal

Answer 10

GM salmon
-gene from ocean pout and chinook salmon is inserted into Atlantic salmon
-faster growth rate
Enviro-pig
-reduced excretion of phosphate, feed cost and environmental dmg
GM chicken
-prevent the spread of bird flu

Question 11

Gene therapy

Answer 11

Gene therapy is the process of replacing a defective allele responsible for a disease with a normal allele of that gene

Question 12

Considerations of Gene therapy

Answer 12

• Defective allele in every cell in the body
• Defective allele might only cause disease in one tissue
• Need to place a normal allele of the gene in many cells in that tissue
• Is that tissue easily accessed?
• Problem 1 –getting a normal allele into many cells in the affected tissue
• Problem 2 –in most tissues cells are being replaced all the time

Question 13

What risk is there in inserting DNA into the genome?

Answer 13

-random(error) insertion cause mutation that can lead to cancer or another genetic disease

Question 14

Two types of gene therapy

Answer 14

Direct Delivery
- the theraphutic transgene is package into a vector(virus) and inject into the patient that can correctly deliver it into target cell
-human virus is normally used so the virus must be disable
Cell-based delivery
-The theraputic transgene is package into a vector and introduced in the paitient’s extracted stem cell
-these cell are then reintroduced into the paitient

Question 15

Problems with gene therapy

Answer 15

• Effect can be short term
• Immune response
• Problems with using viruses
• Many diseases are polygenic
• Diseases may impact multiple tissues

Question 16

CRISPR

Answer 16

-an enzyme that can cut DNA