GENE SEGREGATION AND INTERACTION 3 Flashcards
- process of how seed recieves genetic information from its parent trees
inheritance
father of genetics
gregor mendel
- laid down the principles of inheritance which resulted from his pea experiment in 1857
mendel
explain why Mendel chose a pea plant for his breeding experiment.
- easy to grow and require little space
- inexpensive
- matures quickly and produces many offspring
- they are easily self-fertilized and it can also be cross-pollinated
- they have distinct characteristics that are easy to recognize
traits of peas observed by Mendel in his breeding experiment
a. seed shape
b. seed color
c. flower color
d. pod shape
e. pod color
f. flower position
g. stem height
MENDEL’S BREEDING EXPERIMENT
- producing a true-breeding P generation
- producing an F1 generation
- producing an F2 generation
mendel used _______________ for his experiment with several characteristics that differs for these two varieties
two varieties of pea plant
prior to starting the series of experiment, he first allowed each variety of garden peas to ______ for several generations to ensure that each variety was true-breeding type for a particular trait
self-pollinate
- refers to the first individuals that are crossed in a breeding experiment
parental generation (P generation)
in the second experiment, he ________ the two P generation plants that had contrasting forms of a trait (purple flowers and white flowers)
crossed-pollinated
he ensured that each variety of pea plant only has either the ____________
male and female gametes
a ___________ is a cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits (e.g. flower color)
monohybrid cross
monohybrid cross produces the _______________
first filial generation (F1)
the __________ refers to the offsprings of the two cross-pollinated P generation
F1 generation
in the third experiment he allowed F1generation to self pollinate. these produces ___________________
second filial generation (F2 generation)
- refers to the offspring of the self-pollinated F1 generation
F2 generation
The other traits that were studied by Mendel to validate his observation were the:
- seed shape - smooth or wrinkled seeds,
2. seed color - yellow or green seeds,
3. pod shape - inflated or constricted pods,
4. pod color - green or yellow pods,
5. flower position - axial or terminal flowers,
6. stem height - tall or dwarf plants.
As he repeated the cross and observed the traits that resulted to their offsprings, all followed the patterns of “inheritance in pea flowers.
true
In 1866, Mendel published the paper ________________ (Versuche über piflanzenhybriden).
Experiments in plant hybridisation
In it, he proposed that heredity is the result of each parent passing along ______________.
1 factor for every trait
If the factor is dominant, it will be expressed in the ______.
progeny
If the factor is recessive, it will not show up but will continue to be passed along to the ______________.
next generation
Each factor works ________ from the others, and they _________.
independently ; do not blend
Is a diagram that predicts the outcome of a genetic cross by considering all possible combinations of gametes in the cross.
punnett square
Punnett Square is invented by an early 20th century English geneticist named __________
Reginald C. Punnett
The possible gametes that one parent can produce are written along the ____ of the square.
top
The possible gametes that the other parent can produce are written along the ____ side of the square.
left
Each box inside the square is filled in with two letters obtained by combining the allele along the top of the box with the allele along the side of the box.
true
genotypes made of the same alleles
Homozygous
genotypes made of two different alleles
Heterozygous
different forms of genes for a single trait
Alleles
gene that is always expressed
Dominant
gene that is expressed only in the homozygous state
Recessive
AA, BB, CC, DD
Homozygous dominant
Pp, Zz, Gg, Rr
Heterozygous
kk. ll. mm. nn, oo
Homozygous recessive
