Chapter 1: Introduction

Question 1

GENETICS – coined by ___________ (1906)

Answer 1

William Bateson

Question 2

GENETICS – coined by William Bateson (1906), from the word “gen” which means ______or ______ into something.

Answer 2

to become ; to grow

Question 3

Science of heredity and variation

Answer 3

GENETICS

Question 4

Branch of biology which deals with the principles of heredity and variations among living things

Answer 4

GENETICS

Question 5

Study of mechanisms of heredity by which traits or characteristics are passed from generation to generation

Answer 5

GENETICS

Question 6

It involves the study of _____, ______, their ______, and the populations within which organisms live.

Answer 6

cells; individuals; offspring

Question 7

genetics seeks to understand:

Answer 7

o molecular and physical bases of biological diversity (every individual is unique except for identical twins);
o mechanisms resulting from these diversities; and
o principles that govern their heredity from one generation to another (rice looks rice from generation to generation).

Question 8

The science of genetics begins with the work of _________, an Agustinian monk (1822-1824) who, in 1866, discovered that hereditary characteristics are determined by elementary units and transmitted between generations in uniform predictable fashion.

Answer 8

Gregor Mendel

Question 9

– is the study of heredity and variations in forest trees (Costales, 1990).

Answer 9

FOREST GENETICS

Question 10

____ carried by trees are controlled by both internal (genetic constitution) and external (environmental) factors.

Answer 10

Traits

Question 11

– refers to the application of genetic knowledge and theories to develop gene ally superior trees. This can be achieved through breeding and cultural practices.

Answer 11

TREE IMPROVEMENT

Question 12

IMPORTANCE AND APPLICATIONS OF GENETICS:

Answer 12

1. Improvement of plants, animals and microorganisms through manipulation of genetic composition e.g. increase in rice yields/ha/year
2. Medical applications
3. Genetic counseling
4. Legal applications
5. Genetic engineering

Question 13

IMPORTANCE OF GENETICS IN FORESTRY:

Answer 13

a. Application of genetics can bring improvement on the quality of forest trees (in terms of resistance to pest and diseases, improved growth rate, size, form, etc., increased production and quality of fruits or seed, development of better varieties or species, etc.)
b. Development of new organisms that can be used to effectively control forest pests and disease can be facilitated by the application of the genetic knowledge.

Question 14

NTRAINTS AND PROBLEMS PECULIAR IN THE STUDY OF FOREST GENETICS:

Answer 14

1. Forest genetics uses indirect evidence
2. Uncertainty and the need for continuous experimentations.
3. Necessity of seed production
4. Time element involved is relatively long (life cycle)
5. Limited study in the field(size)
6. No proper record keeping
7. Scarcity of genetic information on trees and the unavailability of modern technologies to the country