Gene Segregation and Interaction

Question 1

Appearance of an organism – morphology, physiology and behavior.

a. Phenotype
b. Genotype
c. Gene
d. Chromosome

Answer 1

Phenotype

Question 2

Genetic constitution that an individual inherits

a. Phenotype
b. Genotype
c. Gene
d. Chromosome

Answer 2

Genotype

Question 3

This law states that each individual that is a diploid has a pair of alleles (copy) for a particular trait. Each parent passes an allele at random to their offspring resulting in a diploid organism. The allele that contains the dominant trait determines the phenotype of the offspring.

a. Law of Segregation
b. Law of Independent Assortment
c. Law of Dominance

Answer 3

Law of Segregation

Question 4

At formation of gametes, the two chromosomes of each pair separate (segregate) into two different cell which form the gametes. This is a universal law and always during gamete formation in all sexually reproducing organisms, the two factors of a pair pass into different gametes. Each gamete receives one member of a pair of factors and the gametes are pure.

a. Law of Segregation
b. Law of Independent Assortment
c. Law of Dominance

Answer 4

Law of Segregation

Question 5

When 2 or more genes/pairs of alleles are considered simultaneously, this law applies.

a. Law of Segregation
b. Law of Independent Assortment
c. Law of Dominance

Answer 5

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 6

This law states that genes for different characters are inherited independently of one another or alleles of different gene pairs separate independently from each other and randomly combine during meiosis.

a. Law of Segregation
b. Law of Independent Assortment
c. Law of Dominance

Answer 6

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 7

This law states that the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.

a. Law of Segregation
b. Law of Independent Assortment
c. Law of Dominance

Answer 7

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 8

This law states that in a heterozygote, one trait will conceal the presence of another trait for the same characteristic. Rather than both alleles contributing to a phenotype, the dominant allele will be expressed exclusively.

a. Law of Segregation
b. Law of Independent Assortment
c. Law of Dominance

Answer 8

Law of Dominance

Question 9

The heterozygote exceeds the phenotypic measurements of the homozygous parents.

a. Co-dominance
b. Overdominance
c. Incomplete dominance

Answer 9

Overdominance

Question 10

When each allele of a gene is associated with a specific substance, ______ will occur when both substances appear together in the heterozygote.

a. Co-dominance
b. Overdominance
c. Incomplete dominance

Answer 10

Codominance

Question 11

In this system, the alleles act within the same phenotypic range and are called isoalleles. Many of such have been discovered – mutant isoalleles; normal alleles.

A. Multitudinous alleles
B. Multiple alleles
C. Conglomerate alleles

Answer 11

Multiple Alleles

Question 12

the alleles act within the same phenotypic range and are called?

a. Isosceles
b. Isoalleles

Answer 12

Isoalleles

Question 13

those that are lethal when in homozygous recessive condition. These genes may have dominant and recessive phenotypic effect.

a. Lethal genes
b. Dominant lethal
c. Recessive lethal

Answer 13

Recessive lethal

Question 14

have dominant phenotypic effects in the heterozygote, are lethal homozygous recessive conditions.

a. Lethal genes
b. Dominant lethal
c. Recessive lethal

Answer 14

Lethal genes

Question 15

genes whose lethal effects occur when a dominant allele is present in homozygous or heterozygous conditions.

a. Lethal genes
b. Dominant lethal
c. Recessive lethal

Answer 15

Dominant lethal

Question 16

Recessive or dominant penetrance may vary. Some lethal genes have high degree of penetrance and expression, allowing little or no survival among affected genotypes beyond embryonic stage. Others are called semi-lethals permit a large proportion of affected genotypes to survive.

a. Environmental influence on lethal genes
b. Penetrance of lethal gene
c. Modifier genes

Answer 16

Penetrance of lethal gene

Question 17

Modifiers are genes that change the phenotypic effects of other genes in quantitative fashion. As a rule, modification is achieved by either dilution or enhancement of the effects of major genes.

-Modifier of mutant genes also exist and in some cases, they completely

a. Environmental influence on lethal genes
b. Penetrance of lethal gene
c. Modifier genes

Answer 17

Modifier genes

Question 18

genes that change the phenotypic effects of other genes in quantitative fashion.

a. alterant genes
b. modifier genes
c. qualifier genes

Answer 18

Modifier genes

Question 19

There is complete dominance in both gene pairs. New phenotypes results in interaction between dominants and also interaction between homozygous recessives.

a. Recessive epistasis
b. Novel phenotypes
c. Recessive phenotypes
d. Dominant epistasis

Answer 19

Novel phenotypes

Question 20

There is complete dominance in both gene pairs, but one gene, when homozygous recessive hides or mask the effect of the other.

a. Recessive epistasis
b. Novel phenotypes
c. Recessive phenotypes
d. Dominant epistasis

Answer 20

Recessive epistasis

Question 21

There is complete dominance at both gene pairs but one gene when dominant, mask the effect of the other.

a. Recessive epistasis
b. Novel phenotypes
c. Recessive phenotypes
d. Dominant epistasis

Answer 21

Dominant epistasis

Question 22

There is dominance at both gene pairs, but one gene, when dominant is epistatic to the second. The second gene, when homozygous recessive, is epistatic to the first.

a. Recessive epistasis
b. Novel phenotypes
c. Recessive phenotypes
d. Dominant epistasis

Answer 22

Dominant epistasis

Question 23

There is complete dominance in both gene pairs, but either recessive homozygote is epistatic to the effects of the other gene.

a. Intercomplement genes
b. Modifier genes
C. Complementary genes
d. Duplicate genes

Answer 23

Complementary genes

Question 24

There is complete dominance in both gene pairs but either gene when dominant is epistatic to the other. Example: Seed capsule of Shepherd’s purse.

a. Intercomplement genes
b. Modifier genes
C. Complementary genes
d. Duplicate genes

Answer 24

Duplicate genes

Question 25

The one who first demonstrated the Pseudoalleles, and found a recessive mutation in Drosophilia producing a small rough eye when homozygous.

a. E.B. Lewis
b. B.F Skinner
c. E.B Wundt
d. Lewis Skinner

Answer 25

E.B Lewis

Question 26

A phenomenon where the phenotype was determined not only by the genotype but also the position of the different alleles on the chromosome.

a. Lewis and Pearl or Poison effect
b. Lewis effect or Position effect

Answer 26

Lewis effect or Position effect

Question 27

It refers to the proportion of genotypes that show an expected phenotype. It is a statistical concept of the regularity with gene is expressed.

a. Penetrance
b. Expressivity
c. Pleiotropy
d. Phenocopy

Answer 27

Penetrance

Question 28

A degree to which a particular phenotypic effect is expressed by the individual.

a. Penetrance
b. Expressivity
c. Pleiotropy
d. Phenocopy

Answer 28

Expressivity

Question 29

situation in which one gene has multiple phenotypic effects.

Phenylketonuria

a. Penetrance
b. Expressivity
c. Pleiotropy
d. Phenocopy

Answer 29

Pleiotropy

Question 30

environmental mimic of gene action. The Environmental influence is sufficiently strong so that the resulting phenotype simulates the
effects of certain genes.

a. Penetrance
b. Expressivity
c. Pleiotropy
d. Phenocopy

Answer 30

Phenocopy

Question 31

When the probability of an event is independent of that of the another event, so that the occurrence of one doe not interfere with the occurrence of the other, the probability of both events occur together is the product of their separate probabilities.

a. Probability and Statistical testing
b. Level of Significance - Sampling errors
c. Chi-square test
d. Normal distribution
e. Binomial distribution

Answer 31

Probability and Statistical testing

Question 32

chance deviations from the expected values.

a. Probability and Statistical testing
b. Sampling errors
c. Chi-square test
d. Normal distribution
e. Binomial distribution

Answer 32

Sampling errors

Question 33

• In deciding whether to accept or reject the hypothesis, size of the discrepancy between the observed and expected ratios must be evaluated. One should decide how large discrepancy can be permitted before he suspects that something other than chance alone is involved in the deviations observed.

-If deviations can be shown to occur more often than once in 20 trials, the observations are conventionally accepted as satisfactory fit to the expected.

a. Probability and Statistical testing
b. Level of Significance
c. Chi-square test
d. Normal distribution
e. Binomial distribution

Answer 33

Level of Significance

Question 34

It can be usually be applied only to numerical frequencies themselves, not to percentages or rations derived from the frequencies.

a. Probability and Statistical testing
b. Level of Significance
c. Chi-square test
d. Normal distribution
e. Binomial distribution

Answer 34

Chi-square test

Question 35

Probability that a certain combination can be described by binomial coefficient for this combination relative to the total number of possible combinations.

a. Probability and Statistical testing
b. Level of Significance
c. Chi-square test
d. Normal distribution
e. Binomial distribution

Answer 35

Binomial distribution

Question 36

The curve is high in the center, representing higher frequencies for the most common combinations; it tapers off equally at both extremes for the rarer combinations.

a. Probability and Statistical testing
b. Level of Significance
c. Chi-square test
d. Normal distribution
e. Binomial distribution

Answer 36

Normal distribution