Gene regulation prokaryotes

Question 1

Genes that encode proteins that function in metabolism, biosynthesis, or structural aspected of the cell (“normal genes”)

Answer 1

Structural Genes

Question 2

Genes that encode regulatory RNAs or proteins that control expression of structural genes and/or their products. Many of these proteins have DNA-binding activity.

Answer 2

Regulatory Genes

Question 3

DNA sequences that are not transcribed but play a role in controlling the level of transcription, usually the site of binding of regulatory proteins, often have inverted or direct repeats

Answer 3

Regulatory Elements

Question 4

Small molecules that bind to regulatory proteins and control their activity.

Answer 4

Effectors

Question 5

DNA binding proteins that can diffuse through the cytoplasm and act at target sites on any DNA molecule in the cell

Answer 5

Trans-acting proteins

Question 6

Specific DNA sequences that are binding sites for regulatory proteins, can only influence expression of adjacent genes on the same DNA molecule.

Answer 6

Cis-acting Elements

Question 7

Proteins that are often dimers and have highly specific interactions with specific base sequences

Answer 7

DNA binding proteins

Question 8

A cluster of genes expressed together, unique to prokaryotes

Answer 8

Operon

Question 9

When a regulatory protein is an activator that stimulates the expression of target genes. When the protein binds to the DNA, transcription is activated

Answer 9

Positive Control

Question 10

When a regulatory protein is a repressor that inhibits expression of target genes. When the protein is bound to DNA, there is no transcription

Answer 10

Negative Control

Question 11

When transcription is off until an effector is present. The effector being bound to the regulatory protein is what causes it to activate transcription. Often used to control transcription of genes that encode catabolic enzymes

Answer 11

Inducible Expression

Question 12

When transcription is on until the presence of the effector turns it off, often used to control transcription of genes that encode anabolic enzymes

Answer 12

Repressible Expression

Question 13

The effector activates transcription by inhibiting the binding of the repressor to the regulatory sequence

Answer 13

Negative Inducible Regulation

Question 14

The effector activates transcription by allowing the activator to bind to the regulatory sequence

Answer 14

Positive Inducible Regulation

Question 15

When the effector inhibits transcription by allowing the repressor to bind to the regulatory sequence

Answer 15

Negative Repressible Regulation

Question 16

When the effector inhibits transcription by inhibiting the binding of the activator to the regulatory sequence

Answer 16

Positive repressible

Question 17

Gene regulation in which CAP binds to cAMP which binds to the promoter in order to facilitate RNA polymerase binding. The level of cAMP is inversely proprtional to the amount of glucose

Answer 17

Catabolite Control

Question 18

What kind of control is the trp operon

Answer 18

Negative Repressible

Question 19

The early termination of translation, occurs when transcription and translation are coupled, and has to do with the speed of translation

Answer 19

Attenutation