gene mutation

Question 1

substitution

Answer 1

nucleotide base is swapped for a different base changing the code of the triplet. the polypeptide produces will differ in a single amino acid. due to the degenerate nature of the genetic code, the mutation may make no difference and the substituted strand my still code for the same amino acid

Question 2

deletion

Answer 2

when a single base is lost from a sequence
the sequence of bases is shifted to the left by one and the entire chain is usually disrupted.

Question 3

chromosome deletions

Answer 3

changes in whole set of chromosomes happens when an organism has more than the usual two sets
changes in the number of individual chromosomes can occur when homologus pairs fail to separate during meiosis - this is a non dysjunction and results in the person having one more or one less chromosome