Gene mutataions

Question 1

What is a gene mutations

Answer 1

An alteration of base in the sequence of bases

Question 2

When is a gene mutations likely to occur

Answer 2

Using DNA replication and occurs spontaneously

Question 3

What increase the chance of gene mutations

Answer 3

Mutagenic agent

Question 4

How dos a mutagenic agent increase the chance of mutation

Answer 4

Increases the chance of mutation which results in a different amino acid sequence in the encoded polypeptide. When the amino acid changes in alter where ionic and hydrogen bond form in tertiary structure which results in different 3D shape and a non functioning protein.

Question 5

Types of carcinogen

Answer 5

Tar from cigs alters structure of DNA or interfere with transcription

Question 6

Types of radiation

Answer 6

X rays disrupts structure of DNA

Question 7

3 types of gene mutations

Answer 7

Insertion
Deletion
Substitution

Question 8

Describe deletions

Answer 8

Deletion of base in a sequence
- causes frame shift
- results in different polypeptide and non-functioning protein

Question 9

Describe insertion

Answer 9

1 extra base added to sequence
- causes frame shift to codons
- codons code for different amino acid and result in different sequence of amino acid resulting non functioning protein

Question 10

Describe substitution

Answer 10

1 base has been changed for a different base
- genetic code is degenerate so may still code for the same amino acid and therefore has no impact