Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Molecular Biology > Gene Expression: Translation > Flashcards

Gene Expression: Translation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is translation?

A

synthesis of polypeptides according to the amino acid sequence directed by the sequence of codons in mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is each tRNA made from?

A

single transcript produced by RNA polymerase III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the basic structure of every tRNA?

A

stem-and-loop structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds between bases on neighboring segments of RNA chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the anticodon?

A

region of tRNA that is responsible for recognizing the mRNA codon to be translated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the amino acid acceptor site?

A

region of tRNA that attaches the amino acid to be brought to the ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What nitrogenous base plays a critical role in wobble base pairing?

A

inosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the Wobble Hypothesis state?

A

the first two codon-anticodon pairings obey normal base pair rules but the third position is more flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What provides the energy to attach an amino acid to a tRNA?

A

hydrolysis of two high energy phosphate bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is tRNA loading?

A

amino acid activation; process of reaction coupling to bind an amino acid to a tRNA molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the breaking of the bond between the amino acid and tRNA molecule drive?

A

peptide bond formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes?

A

specific to each amino acid and aids in binding the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two functions that amino acid activation serves?

A
  1. accurate amino acid delivery
  2. thermodynamic activation of the amino acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the unit of measurement for the ribosome subunits?

A

Svedberg unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Svedberg unit?

A

sedimentation rates; how quickly something will sink in a gradient during centrifugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the sizes of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?

A

prokaryotic = 70S
eukaryotic = 80S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three binding sites of the ribosome?

A

A site
P site
E site

17
Q

What is the A site of the ribosome?

A

where each new tRNA delivers its amino acid

18
Q

What is the P site of the ribosome?

A

where the growing polypeptide , still attached to the tRNA, is located during translation

19
Q

What is the E site of the ribosome?

A

now-empty tRNA sits prior to its release from the ribosome

Molecular Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions