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Molecular Biology > Gene Expression: Transcription > Flashcards

Gene Expression: Transcription Flashcards

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1
Q

What is gene expression?

A

process whereby the information contained in genes begins to have effects in the cell

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2
Q

What are the three ways RNA differs from DNA?

A
  1. single stranded
  2. ribose instead of 2’deoxyribose
  3. uracil instead of thymine
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3
Q

What is mRNA?

A

messenger RNA; carries genetic information to the ribosome

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4
Q

What is the 5’ UTR?

A

5’ untranslated region; portion of the mRNA that is not translated into a protein but functions in initiation and regulation

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5
Q

What is the ORF?

A

open reading frame; region the codes for a protein and begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon

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6
Q

What does it mean to be monocistronic?

A

each piece of mRNA encodes only one polypeptide and only contains one ORF

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7
Q

What does it mean to be polycistronic?

A

when mRNA codes for more than one polypeptide

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8
Q

What is noncoding RNA?

A

functional RNA that is not translated into a protein

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9
Q

What is transfer RNA?

A

responsible for translating the genetic code; carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome to be added to the growing chain

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10
Q

What is ribosomal RNA?

A

major component of the ribosome

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11
Q

What is snRNA?

A

small nuclear RNA; associates with proteins to form snRNPs complexes in the spliceosome

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12
Q

What is miRNA and siRNA?

A

micro RNA and small interfering RNA; function in RNA interference

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13
Q

What is RNA interference?

A

form of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression

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14
Q

What is piRNA?

A

PIWI-interacting RNA that are single stranded and work with PIWI proteins to prevent transposons from mobilizing

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15
Q

What are long ncRNAs?

A

help control basal transcription level in a cell by regulating the initiation complex assembly on promoters

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16
Q

What is transcription?

A

synthesis of RNA using DNA as the template

17
Q

What is one major difference between DNA and RNA polymerase?

A

RNA polymerase is not capable of proofreading

18
Q

What is the name of the site where transcription starts?

A

start site

19
Q

What are the names for the strand that is actually transcribed?

A

template strand, non-coding strand, transcribed, or anti-sense strand

20
Q

What is the name for the strand that is not transcribed?

A

the coding strand or the sense strand

Molecular Biology (12 decks)

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