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BIO282 > Gene Expression - Transcription > Flashcards

Gene Expression - Transcription Flashcards

1
Q

What is gene expression?

A

The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein.

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2
Q

What is the pathway for gene expression? (5)

A

DNA-RNA-Mature RNA-Protein-Final Protein

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3
Q

What is the process of transferring DNA to RNA?

A

Transcription

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4
Q

What is the process of transferring RNA to Protein?

A

Translation

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5
Q

What is a gene?

A

A segment of DNA that is transcribed into RNA

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6
Q

Transcribe this DNA strand into RNA:

5’-CTGCC-3’
3’-GACGG-5’

A

5’-CUGCC-3’

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7
Q

What are the two types of RNA?

A

Informational (contains a message of amino acids and proteins) and functional (rRNA, tRNA, snRNA and scRNA)

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8
Q

What is a UTR?

A

Untranslated Region - The ends of a gene that aren’t translated but are required for translation

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9
Q

What is the -35 sequence for?

A

Initial recognition

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10
Q

What is the -10 sequence for?

A

The melting reaction, turning the closed complex into an open complex

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11
Q

What is a rho-factor?

A

a hexomere consisting of six identical subunits

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12
Q

What does a rho-factor do?

A

Using helicase activity, rho factor unwinds DNA to RNA

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13
Q

What is a rho-independent terminator made from?

A

An inverted repeat of A’s - folds into a hairpin loop

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14
Q

What is the difference between an open and closed complex?

A

An open complex is unwound DNA where a closed complex is wound.

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15
Q

Which end are new bases added to?

A

3’

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16
Q

What does RNA Polymerase II do?

A

Synthesises RNA in prokaryotes

17
Q

What occurs in rho-dependent termination? (2)

A

Rho-factor binds at rut site and moves towards the 3’ end. Using helicase activity the rho-factor unwinds the DNA-RNA hybrid and releases RNA.

18
Q

What occurs in rho-independent termination? (3)

A

Rho-independent termination is made of an inverted repeat of A’s which is transcribed into a hairpin loop. Straight after the hairpin loop DNA and RNA are bound together by A-U pairing. This weaker pairing destabilises the DNA-RNA hybrid which separates, terminating transcription.

BIO282 (9 decks)

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