Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Information contained in DNA molecules is expressed in the structure of proteins.

Answer 1

The central dogma of molecular biology:

Question 2

is the turning on or activation of a gene.

Answer 2

Gene expression

Question 3

The process in which information encoded in a DNA molecule is copied into an mRNA molecule.

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 3

catalyze transcription: poly I for rRNA formation, poly II for mRNA formation, and poly III for tRNA formation.

Answer 3

polymerases (poly)

Question 4

catalyzes the formation of most of the rRNA.

Answer 4

RNA polymerase I (pol I)

Question 5

catalyzes mRNA formation

Answer 5

Pol II

Question 6

catalyzes tRNA formation as well as one ribosomal subunit.

Answer 6

Pol III

Question 7

that is transcribed into RNA; the structural gene is made of exons and introns.

Answer 7

A structural gene

Question 7

that controls transcription; the regulatory gene is not transcribed but has control elements, one of which is the promoter.

Answer 7

A regulatory gene

Question 8

There is always a sequence of bases on the DNA strand called an ___________.

Answer 8

initiation signal.

Question 9

RNA polymerase zips up the complementary bases in a process called _____________.

Answer 9

elongation

Question 10

Triplets of bases on mRNA are called _________.

Answer 10

codons.

Question 11

At the opposite end of the tRNA molecule is a ______.

Answer 11

codon recognition site.

Question 12

The codon recognition site is a sequence of three bases called an ________.

Answer 12

Anticodon.

Question 13

serve as termination signals.

Answer 13

UAA, UAG, and UGA

Question 14

The various methods used by organisms to control which genes will be expressed and when.

Answer 14

Gene regulation

Question 15

An error in the copying of a sequence of bases.

Answer 15

Mutation

Question 16

: a chemical that causes a base change or mutation in DNA.

Answer 16

Mutagen

Question 17

Many changes in base sequence caused by radiation and mutagens do not become mutations because cells have repair mechanisms called ___________.

Answer 17

nucleotide excision repair (NER).

Question 18

DNA from two sources that have been combined into one molecule.

Answer 18

Recombinant DNA

Question 19

A small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule of bacterial origin.

Answer 19

Plasmid

Question 20

cleave DNA at specific locations.

Answer 20

restriction endonucleases

Question 21

is a technique whereby a missing gene is replaced by a viral vector.

Answer 21

Gene therapy

Question 22

cells are removed from a patient, given the missing gene, and then the cells are given back to the patient.

Answer 22

ex vivo gene therapy

Question 23

the patient is given the virus directly.

Answer 23

in vivo gene therapy