FINALS BETTELHEIM 1

Question 1

A biological catalyst.
With the exception of some RNAs that catalyze their own self-cleavage, all enzymes are proteins

Answer 1

Enzyme

Question 2

catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptide bonds formed by the carboxyl group of lysine and arginine.

Answer 2

Trypsin

Question 3

Oxidation-reduction reactions.

Answer 3

Oxidoreductases

Question 4

Group transfer reactions.

Answer 4

Transferases

Question 5

Hydrolysis reactions.

Answer 5

Hydrolases

Question 6

Addition of two groups to a C–C double bond, or removal of two groups to create a C–C double bond.

Answer 6

Lyases

Question 7

Isomerization reactions.

Answer 7

Isomerases

Question 8

The joining to two molecules

Answer 8

Ligases (or synthetases)

Question 9

The protein part of an enzyme

Answer 9

Apoenzyme

Question 10

A nonprotein portion of an enzyme that is necessary for catalytic function; examples are metallic ions such as Zn2+ and Mg2+.

Answer 10

Cofactor

Question 11

A nonprotein organic molecule, frequently a B

Answer 11

Coenzyme:

Question 12

The compound or compounds whose reaction an enzyme catalyzes.

Answer 12

Substrate:

Question 13

The specific portion of the enzyme to which a substrate binds during reaction

Answer 13

Active site:

Question 14

A measure of how much a reaction rate is increased.

Answer 14

Enzyme activity

Question 15

Any process that initiates or increases the activity of an enzyme.

Answer 15

Activation

Question 16

: Any process that makes an active enzyme less active or inactive.

Answer 16

Inhibition

Question 17

A substance that binds to the active site of an enzyme thereby preventing binding of substrate.

Answer 17

Competitive inhibitor

Question 18

Any substance that binds to a portion of the enzyme other than the active site and thereby inhibits the activity of the enzyme.

Answer 18

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 19

The active site becomes modified to accommodate the substrate.

Answer 19

Induced-fit model of an enzyme mechanism.

Question 20

The inhibitor binds itself to a site other than the active site

Answer 20

allosterism

Question 21

An enzyme-regulation process where the product of a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions inhibits an earlier reaction in the sequence.

Answer 21

Feedback control

Question 22

Binding of the regulator to a site other than the active site changes the shape of the active site.

Answer 22

The allosteric effect.

Question 23

The process of affecting enzyme activity by covalently modifying it.

Answer 23

Protein modification

Question 24

The best known examples of protein modification involve phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.

Answer 24

Protein modification

Question 25

Isoenzyme (Isozymes

Answer 25

An enzyme that occurs in multiple forms; each catalyzes the same reaction.