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Biology > Gene Expression and Cell Division > Flashcards

Gene Expression and Cell Division Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

individual proteins that assist RNA polymerase

A

activators

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2
Q

repressor proteins bind to these DNA sequences

A

silencers

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3
Q

DNA sequences that assist transcription

A

enhancers

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4
Q

a large group of proteins that assist in transcription

A

transcription factors

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5
Q

a type of protein that prevents transcription

A

repressors

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6
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is copied and added

A

duplication

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7
Q

sex cells (sperm or egg)

A

gamete

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8
Q

segment of a gene that codes for amino acids

A

exons

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9
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is flipped backwards

A

inversion

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10
Q

an organism or cell that has an extra chromosome

A

trisomy

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11
Q

a situation where a gamete has an extra chromosome

A

nondisjunction

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12
Q

a type of protein that prevents transcription

A

repressor

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13
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome

A

translocation

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14
Q

repressor proteins bind to these DNA sequences

A

silencers

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15
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is lost

A

deletion

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16
Q

a mutation in a germ cell (gamete) which will be present in every offspring cell

A

germ mutation

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17
Q

organisms or cells that have one of each type of chromosome

A

haploid

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18
Q

a segment of a gene that does not code for amino acids

A

introns

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19
Q

DNA wraps around these clusters of 8 histone proteins

A

nucleosomes

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20
Q

a large group of proteins that assist in transcription

A

transcription factors

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21
Q

a set of chromosomes sorted by size

A

karyotype

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22
Q

sticking together pieces of DNA or RNA through new covalent bonds

A

splicing

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23
Q

individual proteins that assist RNA polymerase

A

activators

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24
Q

a mutation in a somatic cell (body cell) which is not inherited

A

somatic mutation

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25
Q

a mutation that does not change the phenotype of the organism

A

silent mutation

26
Q

DNA sequences that assist transcription

A

enhancers

27
Q

organisms or cells that have a pair of each type of chromosome

A

diploid

28
Q

organisms or cells that have multiple pairs of each type of chromosome

A

polyploid

29
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome

A

translocation

30
Q

a mutation in a germ cell (gamete) which will be present in every offspring cell

A

germ mutation

31
Q

organisms or cells thast have one of each type of chromosome

A

haploid

32
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a segment of chromosome is lost

A

deletion

33
Q

segment of a gene that does code for amino acids

A

exons

34
Q

a mutation that does not change the phenotype of the organism

A

silent mutation

35
Q

sticking together pieces of DNA or RNA through new covalent bonds

A

splicing

36
Q

a chromosome mutation where a segment of chromosome is transferred to a non-homologous chromosome

A

translocation

37
Q

chromosomes 1 to 22

A

autosomes

38
Q

first stage of mitosis, chromatin condense

A

prophase

39
Q

mutation that affects body cells and is not passed to offspring

A

somatic mutations

40
Q

chromosomes that determine the gender of an individual

A

sex chromosomes

41
Q

most of the growth and activity of the cell occurs in this phase

A

G1 phase

42
Q

cells that have many copies of each chromosome

A

polyploid

43
Q

a section of a gene that does not code for a protein

A

introns

44
Q

these are found at the centromeres and they pull on spindle fibers

A

kinetochore

45
Q

4th stage of mitosis…chromosomes are moved to the poles of the cell

A

anaphase

46
Q

structure that links two chromatids together

A

centromere

47
Q

mutation that affects reproductive cells and therefore offspring

A

germ mutation

48
Q

a section of a gene that codes for a protein

A

exons

49
Q

fifth stage of mitosis…new nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes

A

telophase

50
Q

the two identical parts of a chromosome

A

chromatids

51
Q

DNa and protein clusters in a cell

A

chromosomes

52
Q

a mistake in meiosis that can produce offspring with an extra chromosome

A

nondisjunction

53
Q

the cell copies its DNA

A

S phase

54
Q

process where the cytoplasm of the cell separates into two new cytoplasms

A

cytokinesis

55
Q

the time from one cell division to the next cell division

A

cell cycle

56
Q

set of chromosomes that can be sorted by size

A

karyotype

57
Q

third stage of mitosis…chromosomes line up in the middle

A

metaphase

58
Q

the array of microtubule proteins that forms during prophase

A

mitotic spindle

59
Q

material of a chromosome which is DNA wrapped around proteins

A

chromatin

60
Q

part of a chromomsome is swapped with a non-homologous chromosome

A

translocation

Biology (9 decks)

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