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Biology > DNA vocabulary 1 > Flashcards

DNA vocabulary 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

1 phosphorus and 4 oxygen atoms

A

phosphate group

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2
Q

RNA that carries instructions for proteins

A

mRNA

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3
Q

sugar found in RNA

A

ribose

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4
Q

the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

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5
Q

A binds to T and G binds to C

A

complementary

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6
Q

three nucleotides in tRNA

A

anticodon

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7
Q

DNA is used to make more DNA in the nucleus

A

replication

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8
Q

RNA and ribosomes make proteins in the cytoplasm

A

translation

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9
Q

DNA is used to make RNA in the nucleus

A

transcription

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10
Q

base found in RNA

A

uracil

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11
Q

RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

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12
Q

sugar found in DNA

A

deoxyribose

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13
Q

enzyme that makes RNA

A

RNA polymerase

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14
Q

the subunits that make up DNA & RNA

A

nucleotide

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15
Q

three nucleotides in mRNA

A

codon

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16
Q

enzyme that creates a complementary strand of DNA in replication

A

DNA polymerase

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17
Q

RNA and ribosomes make proteins in the cytoplasm

A

translation

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18
Q

nitrogenous bases that have two carbon/nitrogen rings and include guanine and adenine

A

purines

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19
Q

nitrogenous bases that have one carbon/nitrogen ring and include cytosine, thymine, and uracil

A

pyrimidines

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20
Q

links the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA fragments

A

DNA ligase

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21
Q

RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

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22
Q

enzyme unwinds DNA at the origin of replication

A

helicase

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23
Q

100 to 2000 base pair long pieces of DNA created on the lagging strand, sealed together by ligase

A

Okazaki fragments

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24
Q

the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

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25
Q

three nucleotides in mRNA

A

codon

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26
Q

three nucleotides in tRNA

A

anticodon

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27
Q

three nucleotides in mRNA

A

codon

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28
Q

the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

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29
Q

RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

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30
Q

DNA is used to make more DNA in the nucleus

A

replication

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31
Q

A binds to T and G binds to C

A

complementary

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32
Q

enzyme that makes RNA

A

RNA polymerase

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33
Q

DNA is used to make RNA in the nucleus

A

transcription

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34
Q

sugar found in RNA

A

ribose

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35
Q

base found in RNA

A

uracil

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36
Q

RNA that carries instructions for proteins

A

mRNA

37
Q

three nucleotides in tRNA

A

anticodon

38
Q

sugar found in DNA

A

deoxyribose

39
Q

1 phosphorus and 4 oxygen atoms

A

phosphate group

40
Q

the subunits that make up DNA and RNA

A

nucleotides

41
Q

RNA and ribosomes make proteins in the cytoplasm

A

translation

42
Q

RNA that carries instructions for proteins

A

mRNA

43
Q

enzyme that makes RNA

A

RNA polymerase

44
Q

A binds to T and G binds to C

A

complementary

45
Q

DNA is used to make RNA in the nucleus

A

transcription

46
Q

enzyme unwinds DNA at the origin of replication

A

helicase

47
Q

nitrogenous bases that have one carbon/nitrogen ring and include cytosine, thymine, and uracil

A

pyrimidines

48
Q

links the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA fragments

A

DNA ligase

49
Q

100 to 2000 base pair long pieces of DNA created on the lagging strand, sealed together by ligase

A

Okazaki fragments

50
Q

nitrogenous bases that have two carbon/nitrogen rings and include guanine and adenine

A

purines

51
Q

enzyme that creates a complementary strand of DNA in replication

A

DNA polymerase

52
Q

sugar found in RNA

A

ribose

53
Q

the production of mutations

A

mutagenesis

54
Q

protein that binds to DNA and blocks transcription of a gene

A

repressor

55
Q

a physical (such as x-rays) or chemical agent that causes mutations

A

mutagen

56
Q

the process by which a gene causes a change in phenotype

A

gene expression

57
Q

a series of stages in a virus where it inserts its DNA into a host and allows it to divide

A

lysogenic cycle

58
Q

the set of codons that are translated, with three possible reading frames in mRNA

A

reading frame

59
Q

repressor proteins bind to this DNA sequence in the operon of prokaryotes

A

operator

60
Q

the genetic makeup of an organism

A

genotype

61
Q

a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

A

mutation

62
Q

the traits of an organism that can be observed

A

phenotype

63
Q

a series of stages in a virus where it takes over a cell without delay

A

lytic cycle

64
Q

a gene that codes for a repressor protein

A

regulatory genes

65
Q

the DNA of a virus that is inserted into the host’s DNA

A

prophage

66
Q

a section of DNA that codes for one protein

A

gene

67
Q

RNA polymerase binds to this DNA sequence

A

promoter

68
Q

a group of genes that have a shared operator and promoter

A

operon

69
Q

a protein that turns a gene on by assisting RNA

A

activator

70
Q

a protein coat around a virus

A

capsid

71
Q

a series of stages in a virus where it inserts its DNA into a host and allows it to divide

A

lysogenic cycle

72
Q

protein that binds to DNA and blocks transcription of a gene

A

repressor

73
Q

a protein that turns a gene on by assisting RNA polymerase

A

activator

74
Q

RNA polymerase binds to this DNA sequence

A

promoter

75
Q

the DNA of a virus that is inserted into the host’s DNA

A

prophage

76
Q

a gene that codes for a repressor protein

A

regulatory gene

77
Q

a protein coat around a virus

A

capsid

78
Q

the production of mutations

A

mutagenesis

79
Q

repressor proteins bind to this DNA sequence in the operon of prokaryotes

A

operator

80
Q

the set of codons that are translated, with 3 possible reading frames in mRNA

A

reading frame

81
Q

a group of genes that have a shared operator and promoter

A

operon

82
Q

a series of stages in a virus where it takes over a cell without delay

A

lytic cycle

83
Q

a physical (such as x-rays) or chemical agent that causes mutations

A

mutagen

84
Q

the process by which a gene causes a change in phenotype

A

gene expression

85
Q

the genetic makeup of an organism

A

genotype

86
Q

a section of DNA that codes for one protein

A

gene

87
Q

a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

A

mutation

88
Q

the traits of an organism that can be observed

A

phenotype

Biology (9 decks)

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