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DNA vocabulary 1 Flashcards

1
Q

1 phosphorus and 4 oxygen atoms

A

phosphate group

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2
Q

RNA that carries instructions for proteins

A

mRNA

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3
Q

sugar found in RNA

A

ribose

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4
Q

the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

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5
Q

A binds to T and G binds to C

A

complementary

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6
Q

three nucleotides in tRNA

A

anticodon

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7
Q

DNA is used to make more DNA in the nucleus

A

replication

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8
Q

RNA and ribosomes make proteins in the cytoplasm

A

translation

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9
Q

DNA is used to make RNA in the nucleus

A

transcription

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10
Q

base found in RNA

A

uracil

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11
Q

RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

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12
Q

sugar found in DNA

A

deoxyribose

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13
Q

enzyme that makes RNA

A

RNA polymerase

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14
Q

the subunits that make up DNA & RNA

A

nucleotide

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15
Q

three nucleotides in mRNA

A

codon

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16
Q

enzyme that creates a complementary strand of DNA in replication

A

DNA polymerase

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17
Q

RNA and ribosomes make proteins in the cytoplasm

A

translation

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18
Q

nitrogenous bases that have two carbon/nitrogen rings and include guanine and adenine

A

purines

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19
Q

nitrogenous bases that have one carbon/nitrogen ring and include cytosine, thymine, and uracil

A

pyrimidines

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20
Q

links the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA fragments

A

DNA ligase

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21
Q

RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

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22
Q

enzyme unwinds DNA at the origin of replication

A

helicase

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23
Q

100 to 2000 base pair long pieces of DNA created on the lagging strand, sealed together by ligase

A

Okazaki fragments

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24
Q

the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

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25
three nucleotides in mRNA
codon
26
three nucleotides in tRNA
anticodon
27
three nucleotides in mRNA
codon
28
the building blocks of proteins
amino acids
29
RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosomes
tRNA
30
DNA is used to make more DNA in the nucleus
replication
31
A binds to T and G binds to C
complementary
32
enzyme that makes RNA
RNA polymerase
33
DNA is used to make RNA in the nucleus
transcription
34
sugar found in RNA
ribose
35
base found in RNA
uracil
36
RNA that carries instructions for proteins
mRNA
37
three nucleotides in tRNA
anticodon
38
sugar found in DNA
deoxyribose
39
1 phosphorus and 4 oxygen atoms
phosphate group
40
the subunits that make up DNA and RNA
nucleotides
41
RNA and ribosomes make proteins in the cytoplasm
translation
42
RNA that carries instructions for proteins
mRNA
43
enzyme that makes RNA
RNA polymerase
44
A binds to T and G binds to C
complementary
45
DNA is used to make RNA in the nucleus
transcription
46
enzyme unwinds DNA at the origin of replication
helicase
47
nitrogenous bases that have one carbon/nitrogen ring and include cytosine, thymine, and uracil
pyrimidines
48
links the sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA fragments
DNA ligase
49
100 to 2000 base pair long pieces of DNA created on the lagging strand, sealed together by ligase
Okazaki fragments
50
nitrogenous bases that have two carbon/nitrogen rings and include guanine and adenine
purines
51
enzyme that creates a complementary strand of DNA in replication
DNA polymerase
52
sugar found in RNA
ribose
53
the production of mutations
mutagenesis
54
protein that binds to DNA and blocks transcription of a gene
repressor
55
a physical (such as x-rays) or chemical agent that causes mutations
mutagen
56
the process by which a gene causes a change in phenotype
gene expression
57
a series of stages in a virus where it inserts its DNA into a host and allows it to divide
lysogenic cycle
58
the set of codons that are translated, with three possible reading frames in mRNA
reading frame
59
repressor proteins bind to this DNA sequence in the operon of prokaryotes
operator
60
the genetic makeup of an organism
genotype
61
a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
mutation
62
the traits of an organism that can be observed
phenotype
63
a series of stages in a virus where it takes over a cell without delay
lytic cycle
64
a gene that codes for a repressor protein
regulatory genes
65
the DNA of a virus that is inserted into the host's DNA
prophage
66
a section of DNA that codes for one protein
gene
67
RNA polymerase binds to this DNA sequence
promoter
68
a group of genes that have a shared operator and promoter
operon
69
a protein that turns a gene on by assisting RNA
activator
70
a protein coat around a virus
capsid
71
a series of stages in a virus where it inserts its DNA into a host and allows it to divide
lysogenic cycle
72
protein that binds to DNA and blocks transcription of a gene
repressor
73
a protein that turns a gene on by assisting RNA polymerase
activator
74
RNA polymerase binds to this DNA sequence
promoter
75
the DNA of a virus that is inserted into the host's DNA
prophage
76
a gene that codes for a repressor protein
regulatory gene
77
a protein coat around a virus
capsid
78
the production of mutations
mutagenesis
79
repressor proteins bind to this DNA sequence in the operon of prokaryotes
operator
80
the set of codons that are translated, with 3 possible reading frames in mRNA
reading frame
81
a group of genes that have a shared operator and promoter
operon
82
a series of stages in a virus where it takes over a cell without delay
lytic cycle
83
a physical (such as x-rays) or chemical agent that causes mutations
mutagen
84
the process by which a gene causes a change in phenotype
gene expression
85
the genetic makeup of an organism
genotype
86
a section of DNA that codes for one protein
gene
87
a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
mutation
88
the traits of an organism that can be observed
phenotype

Biology (9 decks)

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