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Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

holes that allow molecules into and out of the nucleus

A

nuclear pore

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2
Q

digests old cell parts

A

lysosomes

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3
Q

converts food energy into a form of energy that is more easily used by the cell

A

mitochondrion

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4
Q

stores water and provides support to the cell

A

vacuole

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5
Q

packages and distributes proteins that are made by the cell

A

Golgi apparatus

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6
Q

produces building blocks of ribosomes

A

nucleolus

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7
Q

site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm and on surfaces of rough ER

A

ribosomes

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8
Q

controls what enters and leaves the cell

A

cell membrane

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9
Q

modifies, stores, and ships products of the endoplasmic reticulum. Packages materials into vesicles.

A

Golgi apparatus

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10
Q

Extremely small vacuoles

A

vesicles

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11
Q

Digest cell’s food and waste, breaks down damaged organelles, formed in Golgi, not in plant cells. Takes apart old structures to make room for new ones.

A

lysosomes

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12
Q

Sac-like, used for storage (water, salts, proteins, carbs). One large one in many plant cells, some help cells control amount of water in the cell.

A

vacuole

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13
Q

carry out cellular respiration (i.e. convert chemical food energy into chemical ATP energy–main source of energy for cellular work). Outer and inner membrane

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

a tiny structure that performs a specialized function in the cell

A

organelle

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15
Q

a part of the cytoskeleton that has a primary function of anchoring organelles in place

A

intermediate filament

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16
Q

converts the chemical energy in food into a form that is more easily used

A

mitochondrion

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17
Q

transport channels that are studded with ribosomes

A

rough ER

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18
Q

modifies, collects, packages, and distributes proteins that are produced by the cell

A

Golgi apparatus

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19
Q

proteins that pull on microtubules to produce movement in cilia and flagella

A

dynein arms

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20
Q

saclike storage structure found in both animal and plant cells

A

vacuole

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21
Q

structure that is made by the Golgi apparatus

A

lysosome

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22
Q

a part of the cytoskeleton that is responsible for cytoplasmic streaming

A

microfilament

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23
Q

short threadlike structure that helps a unicellular organism move

A

cilium

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24
Q

traps energy from sunlight and converts it to chemical energy

A

chloroplast

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25
Q

contains digestive enzymes that help clean up the cell

A

lysosome

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26
Q

framework of filaments and fibers involved with support, the movement of organelles within the cell, and cell division

A

Cytoskeleton

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27
Q

long, thin fiber that functions in the movement and support of the cell

A

microfilament

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28
Q

a complex network of channels that is involved with transport, storage, and modifying proteins

A

rough ER

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29
Q

a complex network of channels that is involved with making lipids for cell and detoxifying substances

A

smooth ER

30
Q

found only in plant and algae cells, it consists of two envelope-like membranes that surround many disk-like membranes

A

chloroplast

31
Q

information center of the cell that contains DNA

A

nucleus

32
Q

organisms that do not have a nucleus. Consists entirely of bacteria

A

prokaryote

33
Q

have polar, hydrophilic heads and non-polar, hydrophobic tails

A

phospholipids

34
Q

a structure located in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

A

nucleolus

35
Q

bundles of chromatin that contain genetic information

A

chromosomes

36
Q

membranes that surround the nucleus that have pores allowing some molecules through

A

nuclear envelope

37
Q

the area between the nucleus and the cell membrane

A

cytoplasm

38
Q

cells that have a nucleus. Found in animals and plants.

A

eukaryote

39
Q

method by which oxygen enters a cell

A

diffusion

40
Q

the diffusion of water

A

osmosis

41
Q

method by which a cell takes in liquids

A

pinocytosis

42
Q

molecules that form hydrogen bonds with water

A

hydrophilic

43
Q

moves molecules from a high to a low concentration through protein channels

A

facilitated diffusion

44
Q

cells expand in this type of solution

A

hypotonic

45
Q

cells use this to take in large particles (a type of endocytosis)

A

phagocytosis

46
Q

energy is used in this type of transport. Frequently uses protein pumps.

A

active transport

47
Q

cells shrink in this type of solution

A

hypertonic

48
Q

situation where the concentration is the same on both sides of a membrane

A

equilibrium

49
Q

cells release large particles in this process

A

exocytosis

50
Q

type of active transport where the cell surrounds and takes in particles

A

endocytosis

51
Q

converts light energy into chemical energy

A

chloroplast

52
Q

outer structure made of carbohydrates that supports the cell

A

cell wall

53
Q

network of channels that transports and modifies proteins

A

ER

54
Q

a structure located in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

A

nucleolus

55
Q

packages and distributes proteins that are made by the cell

A

Golgi apparatus

56
Q

stores macromolecules and water

A

vacuole

57
Q

membranes that surround the nucleus that have holes allowing some molecules through

A

nuclear envelope

58
Q

tiny structures that make proteins

A

ribosomes

59
Q

network of channels that transports and modifies proteins

A

ER

60
Q

controls what enters and leaves the cell

A

cell membrane

61
Q

converts food energy into a form of energy that is more easily used by the cell

A

mitochondrion

62
Q

the holes that allow molecules into and out of the nucleus

A

nuclear pores

63
Q

converts light energy into chemical energy

A

chloroplast

64
Q

controls what enters and leaves the cell

A

cell membrane

65
Q

site of cellular respiration (breaks down chemical energy into smaller, more useful molecules)

A

mitochondria

66
Q

the holes that allow molecules into and out of the nucleus

A

nuclear pore

67
Q

network of channels that transports and modifies proteins and other molecules

A

ER

68
Q

membranes that surround the nucleus

A

nuclear envelope

69
Q

sorts and packages materials for transport (in vesicles); produce lysosomes

A

Golgi apparatus

70
Q

creates proteins

A

ribosomes

71
Q

outer structure made of carbohydrates that supports the cells

A

cell wall

72
Q

stores water and provides support for the cell

A

vacuole

Biology (9 decks)

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