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Biology Unit 1 > Gene Expression > Flashcards

Gene Expression Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Gene expression involve in DNA sequences

A

It involves the Transcription and Translation of DNA sequences

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2
Q

How much here’s in a cell are expressed

A

Only a fraction

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3
Q

What types of RNA does transcription and translocation involve

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

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4
Q

What is the structure of RNA

A

RNA is single stranded and made up from RNA nucleotides

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5
Q

What does a RNA nucleotide contain

A

Phosphate,Ribose sugar and base

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6
Q

What are the RNA bases and what does each base pair to

A

Adenine-Uracil
Guanine- Cytosine

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7
Q

Differences in RNA and DNA

A

RNA has one strand where as DNA has two
Adenine in RNA is complimentary to Uracil where as in DNA adenine is complementary to Thymine
In RNA the sugar present in nucleotides is Ribose sugar where as in DNA it is deoxyribose sugar

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8
Q

Types of RNA where it’s found in the cell and what’s it’s job

A

mRNA is found in the nucleus and it’s transcribed from DNA. mRNA is translated by ribosomes in the cytoplasm to make proteins

tRNA is found in the cytoplasm/ribosomes each tRNA molecule carries its specific amino acids to the ribosome during translocation. Amino acids are joined to make a protein.

rRNA is found in the ribosome Ribosomal RNA and proteins form the ribosome

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9
Q

Overview of Transcription and Translation

A

mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and translated into protein by the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

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10
Q

What does transcription involve

A

RNA polymerase moves along the
DNA unwinding the double helix and

breaking the hydrogen bonds
between the bases of the DNA
coding for the gene to be expressed

Free RNA nucleotides move towards
the expose bases of one strand &
form complementary base
pairs. (uracil pairs with adenine &
guanine with cytosine).

RNA polymerase synthesises a
primary transcript of mRNA from
RNA nucleotides by complementary
base pairing.

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11
Q

What is each triplet of bases on a mRNA called

A

A codon

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12
Q

What is an intron

A

An intron is a non coding region of DNA

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13
Q

What is an exon

A

An exon is a coding region of DNA

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14
Q

What is RNA splicing

A

RNA splicing forms a mature mRNA transcript. The introns of the primary transcripts are non-coding regions and are removed. The exons are coding regions and are joined together to form the mature transcript. The order of the exons are unchanged during splicing.

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15
Q

Translocation involves another type of RNA what type of RNA is it

A

tRNA

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16
Q

What is tRNA’s job

A

To carry its specific amino acid to the ribosome for translocation

17
Q

Where does translocation take place

A

In the cytoplasm

18
Q

What does the single strand do due to complimentary base pairing

A

It folds

19
Q

On a tRNA molecule with a triplet of bases what is it called

A

An anticodon

20
Q

What does each tRNA molecule have

A

An anticodon on one end and an attachment site for a specific amino acid at the other end

21
Q

Where does translocation begin

A

At the start codon on the MRNA

22
Q

Where does translocation end

A

At the stop codon on the mRNA

23
Q

What do anticodons bond to and what happens

A

Anticodons bond to codons by complimentary base pairing and it translated the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids.

24
Q

What bond joins the amino acid together

A

Peptide Bonds

25
Q

What does tRNA do at the end

A

It leaves the ribosome as the polypeptide is forming

26
Q

What happens in alternative RNA splicing

A

A different mature mRNA transcript is produced from the same primary transcript depending on which exons are retained. The order of thr exons are unchanged during splicing.

27
Q

What’s the advantage of alternative RNA splicing

A

More than one protein may be produced from a single gene.

28
Q

Examples of functions of proteins

A

Enzymes
Receptors
Hormones
Antibodies

Biology Unit 1 (7 decks)

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