gendered spaces, sexualities, and the city Flashcards
transgender
individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex assigned to them at birth
non-binary
do not exclusively align with the traditional binary concept of male or female
cisgender
individuals whose gender identity aligns with the sex assigned to them at birth
sex
the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women
gender
social, cultural, and behavioral characteristics and roles associated with being male or female
socialization
individuals, particularly children, learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their culture or society
gender norms
expectations and standards regarding the behaviors, roles, and attributes considered appropriate
doing gender
continual performance or set of behaviors rather than a fixed identity
gender binary
two distinct and opposite categories, typically male and female
androgynous
combines both traditionally male and traditionally female characteristics
intersectionality
how multiple social identities intersect and interact to create unique forms of discrimination and privilege
gender inequality
disparities in opportunities, resources, and rights between men and women
feminism
advocating for the rights and equality of women
glass ceiling
invisible barrier that hinders the advancement of individuals, especially women, in professional and leadership roles
motherhood penalty
negative impact on a woman’s career and earning potential due to the societal expectations and biases associated with motherhood
fatherhood bonus
positive perceptions and advantages that some men experience in their careers and social lives after becoming fathers
social control
mechanisms, strategies, and institutions that societies use to regulate individual behavior and maintain order
medicalized
human conditions and behaviors come to be defined and treated as medical issues
Candace west and don Zimmerman
sociologists known for their work on the concept of “doing gender.” they argue that gender is not just a trait or role but an ongoing, socially accomplished process in interaction.
Kimberle Crenshaw
concept of “intersectionality,” highlighting how different social categories (such as race, gender, and class) intersect and overlap, shaping individuals’ experiences of privilege and discrimination.
Judith lorber
known for her work on social constructionist perspectives of gender, challenging the idea that gender differences are solely biological and emphasizing the role of socialization and societal norms.
paula England
known for her research on gender inequality, family dynamics, and sexuality. Her work often explores topics such as the gender wage gap, occupational sex segregation, and changes in family structures.
Patricia hill collins
work addresses the interconnectedness of race, gender, and class, and she has written extensively about the experiences of Black women in society.
