Gender Theory Flashcards
What is Angela McRobbie’s theory?
Post feminist icon theory suggesting female character are determined, strong, independent and in control but also utilise their sexuality, e.g. Lara Croft.
She agrees that women are often shown as weak, subservient. Whereas men are often seen as powerful, dominant etc. However, she said that women are increasingly seen in powerful, dominant sexual roles. Therefore she argues that this could empower women.
What is Laura Mulvey’s theory?
Male and Female Gaze.
What is Tessa Perkins’ theory?
Stereotyping has elements of truth and are based on repeated representations, both in society and within the media.
What is Sharpe’s theory?
Regressive representations of women ensure that ‘social inequality is maintained’.
What is Levi Strauss’ theory?
Binary oppositions and subordinate groups
What is Earp and Katz’s theory?
Studied male representations in the media and found “A widespread and disturbing equation of masculinity and pathological control and violence”. They claim that the media is responsible for a steady stream of images that define manhood as connected with violence, dominance and control - and create it as a normal and accepted part of masculinity.
What is Carol Clover’s theory?
Last girl theory
What is Gamman and Marashment’s theory?
Female gaze: men can be seen as objects of sexual desire in the same way that women are.
What is Judith Butler’s theory?
Construction of femininity/masculinity through the media. Media are responsible for how genders are represented.
What is Naomi Wolf’s theory?
Suggests that the images of women used by the media present woman as sex objects. She argued that women need beauty to be successful.
What is Killbourne’s theory?
Argues that media representation presents women as mannequins: tall and thin, often US size zero, with very long legs, perfect teeth and hair, and skin without a blemish in sight.
What is John Berger’s theory?
ascertained that “men act and women appear”
What is Trunstall’s theory?
argues that media representations emphasise women’s domestic, sexual, consumer and martial activities to the exclusion of all else. The media generally ignore the fact that a majority of British women go out to work. Men, on the other hand, are seldom presented nude or defined by their martial or family status.
What is Winship’s theory?
The gaze between cover model and women readers marks the complicity between women seeing themselves in the image masculine culture has defined. Also argued that women need lifestyle magazines because they are excluded from mainstream culture and that they are encouraged to use products to please men.
What is Barthes’ theory?
The woman is desexualised at the very moment when she is stripped naked. He suggests that it is clothes that sexualise women.
