Gender Theories Flashcards
What did tannen say?
There are gender differences in ways of speaking and we need to identify them and understand them
Men want status where as women want support
Men want independence where as women want intimacy
Men give advice where as women give understanding
Men give orders where as women give proposals
What did Zimmerman and west do ?
Examined mixed sex conversations recorded at Santa Barbra Campus university in California
The participants were white and middle class
There were 31 segments of conversation from 11 conversations
Men interrupted 46 times where as women only interrupted two times
The conclusion was that men were the dominating sex in mixed six conversations
What did Lakoff say?
Lakoff sees the language of women to be weaker. She said that indirect requests and the use would of apologetic forms suggest that women’s language is less powerful
- hedge
- use super polite forms
- tag questions
- speak less frequently
- apologise more
What did Beattie do?
Analysed 10 hours of tutorial discussion with 557 interruptions
Men interrupted with a frequency of 34.1 where as women interrupted with a frequency of 33.8
What did Jesperson say?
“There is a danger of the language becoming vague and insipid if we are to content ourselves with women’s expressions” he also sUd that women are not as effective in their speech as men due to their preference for indirect expressions
What did fishman say?
Men are reluctant to do this “conversations shitwork” because of what they believe to be their dominant role
In mixed sex convos, men speak twice as much as women
What did Hyde propose?
Hyde proposes a gender similarities hypothesis claiming that in fact there are substantially more similarities than there are differences between female and male language. When there is a difference in the language used it can be as a result of other factors such as age
What did Trudgill find?
Men are less likely to use the prestige variant than women. Also, men claim to use the less prestige variant more than they actually did. This suggests that speaking in a less prestige manner is a method of masculinity
