gender socialisation

Question 1

males

Answer 1

• males are socialised to be more aggressive
• eg encouraged to play contact sports & with violent action figures
• higher risk that they’ll commit crimes as they’re more attracted to risk taking bev
• may commit crimes like assault to receive a sense of validation from other males about their masculinity (often associated with being tough & assertive)

Question 2

females

Answer 2

• socialised to engage in sharing, caring bev
• eg: given toy babies to play with instead of trucks
• encourages them to take a more domestic role
• leads to them having stronger ties to their family & wider community
• less likely to want to commit offences as they could damage these relations

Question 3

opportunity

Answer 3

• females have less opp to commit crime as encouraged to stay at home to eg: care for children & because seen to need protecting for the dangers of outside world
• pressure to maintain a good reputation also deters them from wanting to break law
• contrastingly assumed that boys can take care of themselves so given more freedom to ‘get into trouble’
• seen with how boys will boys culture normalises them behaving in a rough & improper manner

Question 4

role models

Answer 4

• learn gender roles by observing & imitating bev of role models eg: guardians, actors in TV shows, toy ads
• more likely to copy them if they’re same sex as us & we like them
• father is often absent in the nuclear family model so mother tends to do most of socialistaion
• lack of male role model leads to boys rejecting feminine values like expressing emotion & turning to crime as an act of rebellion/ to gain a sense of their male identity

Question 5

environmentally deterministic

Answer 5

• males are predetermined to be offenders as their socialisaton encourages to be more aggressive
• creates negative stigma about adolescent males by suggesting they’re inclined 2 be violent & troublesome
• can lead to them being treated more harshly in criminal justice system than females who tend to be treated more leniently due to how they’re traditionally seen as caring

Question 6

nurture

Answer 6

• children learn gender roles from their environment (eg: from parents or in school)
• doesn’t fully explain criminal bev as if just due to GS then all males would be criminals as they’re all encouraged to be more ‘rough & tough’
• suggests hormones may play a role as for instance those with higher testosterone levels will be more likely 2 exhibit aggressive bev & so perhaps commit crime

Question 7

unscientific

Answer 7

• ME grabe 2006: content analysis found some ev 4 chivalry hypothesis & (that news coverage harsher when men & women collabrate than when work independently)
• looked at 1 local US newspaper 4 6 months so unlikely to be reflective of how women are treated by justice system across US or in other cultures
• esp as each person will have had a unique experience - reducing generability
• gender roles aren’t as set as attitudes have changed so research may not be relevant today

Question 8

other unscientific points

Answer 8

• unscientific methods means research lacks reliability as findings are inconsistent & conflicting - making it hard to determine accuracy of theories

Question 9

application

Answer 9

• Man Up program helps men explore how the concept of masculinity shapes their identity & to challenge
  the negative outcomes of trying to fulfill this stereotype
• breaking down toxic attitudes promoted by their GS, may prevent males from entering life of crime
• could help decrease pressure on police & make society safer by reducing rate of violent offences
  (androcentric as only helps treat male behaviour)