Gender & Sexuality

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

refers to the primary and secondary reproductive characteristics that infants are born with or develop

Question 2

Sex Category

Answer 2

A term sociologists use to highlight that “sex” is a category assigned at birth based on socially constructed biological criteria.

Question 3

Binary Thinking

Answer 3

categorized people, things and ideas in terms of their difference from one another.

Question 4

Intersex

Answer 4

a general term used for an array of variations in which a person is born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t conform to the binary definitions.

Question 5

Biological Determinism

Answer 5

maintains that humans behave the way they do because of biology and genes

Question 6

Gender

Answer 6

groups of people treated as distinct in a society based on socially constructed ideas of biological differences

Question 7

Gender Differentiation

Answer 7

the active process of constructing feminity and masculinity in terms of appearance, behaviors, social roles and expectations.

Question 8

Sexism

Answer 8

a social system in which the gender group’s collective prejudice is backed by the power of legal authority and institutional control.

Question 9

Patriarchal Dividend

Answer 9

the unearned social and cultural capital that men accrue in a sexist society

Question 10

Heterosexism

Answer 10

is the societal and institutional reinforcement of heterosexuality as the normative and privileged form of sexuality

Question 11

Why is there a male dominance in medicine?

Answer 11

the suppression of women’s health workers was not a natural process, it was an active takeover by male professionals, that took place before modern scientific technology. It promoted the cult of domesticity.

Question 12

The Cult of Domesticity

Answer 12

is a prevailing value system that emphasized new ideas of femininity, the women’s role within the home and the dynamic of work and family

Question 13

Theodor Edwin Klebs & Sexual Classification

Answer 13

he identified 5 categories of sexual classification; female, male, female/male pseudohermaphrodite and hermaphrodite.

Question 14

What are the different types of patriarchy?

Answer 14

Male-dominated, is where positions of power and authority are reserved for men; Male-identified, is when core cultural ideas about what is considered good, desirable, preferable or normal are associated with men and masculinity; Male-centered is when the focus of attention is on men and what they do.

Question 15

Wade & Hookup Culture

Answer 15

established that sexuality is learned through sexual scripts, which are the meanings and symbols around sexuality.; Says that in university “hookup culture” there are a plethora of scripts to encourage hooking up, and a lack os scripts to allow them to opt-out. these scripts are gendered and assume and reinforce heterosexuality.

Question 16

Gansen & Gendering

Answer 16

From birth, children are treated differently based on their gender and they learn to “do” their role through family, peers, school, and media. Teachers also have differential responses to boys’ and girls’ behavior. Gansen suggests that if we change our gendered expectations and disciplinary responses to behaviors doors will be opened for individualized gender identies.

Question 17

Ghazini & Sexuality

Answer 17

To her Biological determinism is the emphasis on bodies that somehow are extracted from the social worlds that help us distinguish sex and sexuality. She also thinks that our beliefs are entrenched in sexology, that claims all sexuality is heterosexual and based on biological needs. Cultural norms and social institutions affect what we do sexually and with him.

Question 18

Kane & The Gender Trap

Answer 18

According to Kane, parents act in ways that encourage gendered patterns, reproducing gender as a social category in their selection of toys, clothes, etc. Many parental actions solidify gendered divisions of power and construct boys/girls as sperate groups, reinforcing a binary approach to gender.

Question 19

The Gender Trap

Answer 19

is a set of expectations and structures that inhibit social change and stall parents’ intentions for loosening gender limits.