Gender Midterm Flashcards
Period of Feminism in the 19th century, focused on gaining women’s rights (suffrage).
First Wave Feminism
1980s broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities.
Second Wave Feminism
Has its origins in the 1990s and reflects the thinking, writings, and activism of women and men who tended to come of age taking for granted the gains of second wave feminism, as well as the resistance or backlash to it. Perspectives are shaped by the material conditions created by globalization and technoculture, and tend to focus on issues of sexuality and identity.
Third Wave Feminism
A system where males dominate because power and authority are in the hands of adult men.
Patriarchy
involving more than one branch of knowledge/study.
Interdisciplinary
recognize the oppression of women as a fundamental political oppression, wherein women are categorized as inferior based upon their gender. (deeper changes beyond removing barriers)
Radical Feminists
A perspective that uses economic explanations from traditional Marxist theory to understand women’s oppression. The socioeconomic inequities of the class system are major issues.
Marxist Feminism
see feminism as already over.
Post Feminism
the hatred of, or contempt for, women.
Misogyny
putting men at the center and relegating women to outsiders in society.
Androcentric
feminists are accused of being lesbian in an effort to discredit feminism. Meant to prevent women from joining the movement or taking womens’ studies.
Lesbian Baiting
The societal fear or hatred of lesbian and gay fem, functions to maintain this as an insult.
Homophobia
Looking at women’s lives through multiple lenses.
Intersectionality
**Women who do not have the minset of victims; women are powerful enough to control their fates.
Power Feminism
The expectation that everybody should be heterosexual and have relationships with the opposite sex.
Compulsory Heterosexuality
Discrimination against the mentally disabled.
Ableism
Officially placed into a structured system or set of practices. To make something part of a structured or well-established system. (SAT, GRE keeping women out of higher education).
Institutionalized
Discrimination based upon sexual identity or orientation.
Heterosexism
Discrimination based upon age.
Ageism
Discrimination based on weight.
Sizeism
Discrimination based upon gender.
Sexism
**Discrimination based on the way people look.
Lookism
Discrimination based upon socioeconomic status.
Classism
Discrimination based upon racial/ethnic group membership.
Racism
When individuals direct the resentment and anger they have about their situation onto those who are of equal or lesser status. (women against other women).
Horizontal Hostility
System by which males frighten, and by frightening, control and dominate females.
Sexual Terrorism
things of value that all people should have, such as feeling safe in public spaces or working in a place where they feel they belong and are valued for what they can contribute. Sense of belonging within a human circle.
Unearned Entitlement
white privilege. An unearned entitlement that only select people have, even though everyone should have it.
Unearned Advantage
gives permission to control, because of one’s race or sex.
Conferred Dominance
How one feels about one’s own gender.
Gender Identity
The ways that we present ourselves to the world.
Gender Expression
We are taught and learn the appropriate thinking about behaviors associated with being a boy or girl in any given society.
Gender Socialization
People who have a sexual identity that is not clearly male or female. Resisting traditional categorization of gender.
Transgender
someone who is comfortable in the gender that they were assigned at birth.
Cisgender
Existing or occurring between the sexes (hermaphrodite)/ Varying chromosomes.
Intersexuality
Gender ID does not match physical. Seeks to alter.
Trans Sexual
Transition from female to male.
Trans Male
Transition from male to female.
Trans Female
a lack of gender differentiation or a balanced mixture of recognizable feminine and masculine traits.
Androgyny
Gender changes day-to-day.
Gender Queer
the creation of identities that attempt to avoid the binaries of “femininity” or “masculinity”. (Playing another gender on the web)
Gender Swapping
Involves breaking rules, sexual potency contextualized in the blending of sex and violence, and contempt for women.
Machismo
People, if properly motivated and willing to work hard, can pick themselves up by their bootstraps. (you can make something from nothing)
Bootstrap Myth
to prejudge and involves making premature judgments without adequate information or with inaccurate information.
Prejudice
The valuing of one gender over another.
Gender Ranking
In West Sumatra, Indonesia, are female-bodied individuals who lay claim to the social category “man”.
Tom Boi
Barriers to advancement
Glass Ceiling
People who wear the clothes of the opposite sex, or of the opposite sex that was assigned at birth.
Cross Dressers
rates three elements of sexuality- sexual desires, sexual practices, and sexual identities- on a continuum from 0 (straight) to 6 (gay). There are five spots that represent bisexuality.
Kinsey Scale
act of making any person feel guilty or inferior for certain sexual behaviors or desires that deviate from traditional or orthodox gender expectations.
Slut Shaming
ideas and beliefs about sexual aspects of the self that are established from past and present experiences and which act to guide sexual feelings and behavior.
Sexual Self-Schema
Traditionally meaning out of the ordinary or unusual, and historically an insult when used in the context of sexualities.
Queer
The assumption of heterosexuality as the norm or normative behavior in any given society.
Heteronormativity
Guidelines for how we are supposed to feel and act as sexual persons. They are shaped by the communities and societies in which we participate and therefore are socially constructed.
Sexual Scripts
promiscuous
Sapphire/Jezebel
Defines subjects by what they do and do not do.
Ethics of Passivity
The dominance associated with a gender binary system that presumes heterosexuality as a social norm.
Heteropatriarchy
Arousal of sexual feelings through contact with people of the same sex.
Homoeroticism
Seeing the body as an object and separate form its context. People are objects to serve a purpose.
Objectification
The assumption that a person’s biology or genetic make-up, rather than culture or society, determines a person’s destiny.
Biological Determinism
Seeing ourselves through other’s eyes.
Self-Objectification
Everyday practices that maintain the body: seemingly trivial routines, rules, and practices.
Disciplinary Body Practices
Fear of being inadequately muscled.
Muscle Dysmorphia
self-starvation
Anorexia Nervosa
compulsive dieting and/or compulsive overexercising.
Anorexia Athletica
binge eating with self-induced vomiting and/or laxative use.
Bulimia
The pressure in our society for women to measure up to cultural standards of beauty and attractiveness. Skinnier is better/ multimillion dollar weight loss products.
Culture of Thinness
delicate, thin, fragile appearance. Slender, thin-frame with large breasts.
Eurocentric Beauty
style. Acceptance of diverse body types.
Afrocentric Beauty
values and beliefs regarding care and presentation of the body (body ethics)
Body Aesthetic Ideals
women are blindly obeying cultural rules for feminine appearance and behavior.
Docile Bodies
some people have better health care than others because of a two-tiered system that has different outcomes for those who can pay or for those who have health insurance than for those who cannot pay.
Equity
Concerns the ways stereotypes about people influence how providers interpret identical behaviors and clinical findings.
Provider Bias
The process whereby normal functions of the body come to be seen as indicative of disease.
Medicalization
