Gender inequalities in work and employment

Question 1

what are gender inequalities in work and employment?

Answer 1

• over the past 40 years the number of women in employment has steadily increased, while the number of men in employment has decreased
• there are other significant differences in the employment patterns of men and women relating to the type of work they do, how much they work and their pay and conditions of employment

Question 2

which differences between the employment of men and women are hilighted by the ONS (2013)?

Answer 2

• men with children are more likely to work than those without the opposite of the picture for women
• more men tend to work in the professional occupations, which are associated with higher levels of pay than women
• women dominate employment within the caring and leisure occupations
• female graduates are more likely to work in a slightly lower skilled occupation group than men
• men make up the majority of workers in the top 10% of earners for all employees, but the gap is lower for those under 30

Question 3

which inequalities between men and women in the labour market does the ONS hilight?

Answer 3

• in the private business sector of employment the gender pay gap is 24.8% compared to the public sector, which is 17.1%
• self employed women earn around 40% less than self employed men
• women make up 20.4% of directors on FTSE 100 boards and just 11.1% of UK bank CEOs are women
• it will take 70 years at the current rate of progress to see an equal number of female and male directors of FTSE 100 companies
• up to 30,000 women are sacked each year simply for being preegenant and each year an estimated 440,000 women lose out on pay or promotion as a result of pregnancy
• women who work, with or without children, spend 15 hours a week on average doing chores, while men spend only 5