Gender identity Flashcards
Gender
Sociological
Refers to the socially constructed ideas of how sexes should behave in social terms
Sex
Biological concept
Means the physical differences between males and females that are determined before birth
Biological determinism
View that biological differences lead to gender differences
Social constructionism
Gender based on environment and socialisation
Normative femininity
Refers to the idea that women’s roles are defined and restricted by men’s interests and needs.
This version of femininity has long been the dominant one
Hakim (2004)
Society has changed and that modern women have more choice of identity now
Ladettes (Jackson)
Equally willing as men
Booze, swear, disrupting lessons,smoking
Don’t give a damn attitude
Sociologists are critical of this because it creates objectification and makes the men in control
Hagemonic Masculinity (Connell)
The most influential type of masculinity until recently
This is dominant masculinity
Providers, authority figures, firm discipline over family. They are non domestic and emotionless
New man/metrosexual
Takes on domestic roles
Emotionally expressive and non sexist
Women should work
These are men who care about their apperence
New lad
Aggressive attitudes through humour
Crisis of masculinity (Max an Ghail)
Insecurity felt by working class men today
Deindustrialisation- service sector jobs, manual jobs disappointing
Women are eligible to work for many men’s jobs
Lots of men feel emasculated– losing their masculinity
Billington et al (1998)
Mass media has traditionally portrayed masculinity as dominant and femininity as subordinate.
How is gender identity changing?
Metrosexual (Abbott)
New man (Connell)
Visible gay and Bisexual (Tom Daley and Sam Smith)
