Gender Identity Flashcards

0
Q

Manipulation (Oakley)

A

Encouraging gender stereotypes

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1
Q

Oakley

Family

A

Manipulation, canalisation, verbal appellations and activities

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2
Q

Canalisation

A

Channelling stereotypes into toys and activities specific to gender

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3
Q

Verbal appellations

A

Allowing children to identify with a specific gender e.g “you’re a naughty boy” and “she’s a good girl”

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4
Q

Activities

A

Toys and games (Argos), dress (M&S), bedroom theme or design (Laura Ashley), different treatment

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5
Q

Will, Self and Datan

Family

A

Adam and Beth study

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6
Q

Adam and Beth study

A

Same baby dressed in different clothes (pink and blue)
Said genders treated the same though boy was rocked more and given a train to play with
Girl was given a doll and spoken to in a sweeter tone

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7
Q

Billy Elliott

Family

A

‘Boys do boxing not ballet’

Dad disapproves and fears homosexuality

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8
Q

Bend it like Beckham

Family

A

Football is not a stereotypical girls sport and her mother wants to domesticate her (perfect Asian dinner)

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9
Q

Sue Sharpe

Education

A

1970 future centred on mothering and domestic roles but in 1990s they focused more on career and some rejected marriage

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10
Q

Spender

Education

A

Feminist ‘invisible woman’

Schools run by men in their interest and girls lose self-esteem as they are second best

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11
Q

Stanworth

Education

A
Feminist
Girls are disadvantaged in class as they get less time and attention
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12
Q

Francis

A

Found in 2000 that girls were given less time due to boisterous behaviour

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13
Q

Lobban

A

Stereotypical reading schemes eg Peter and Jane

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14
Q

Best

A

75% of reading schemes stereotypical eg Mrs Weasley as homemaker in Harry Potter

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15
Q

Grafton

BUT Jackson

A

Subject choice
Boys taking Child and Family attended a ‘prior discussion’ and girls had to show ‘sincere desire’ to opt for non-traditional subjects
BUT Jackson lads and ladettes

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16
Q

Blackman

A

New wave girls

Challenged sexism and behaviour frightened off misogynist boys and teachers

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17
Q

Peer group

A

Similar age and status with shared norms and values

Ostracised if deviate

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18
Q

Willis

A

12 WC lads found identity in peer group so rejected n and v of school
Counter school

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19
Q

Frosh

A

Peer group encouraged bad behaviour and rejection of school

20
Q

Jackson

Peer group

A

Now girls are showing signs of adopting laddish behaviour

21
Q

Reynolds

A

Boys didn’t want to be seen as swots or nerds

22
Q

Burdsey

A

Asian boys changed behaviour by drinking alcohol and chasing girls in order to fit in with white male football team

23
Q

Oliver study (Guardian 2001)

A

Teased by boys because he hung around with girls- called ‘gay’ and ‘girl’

24
Lees double standard
Promiscuous girls labelled as slags by both genders but similar behaviour from boys was considered acceptable
25
Media- Females | Ferguson
Women's magazines were an apprentice manual teaching the cult of femininity
26
Media- women Harvey and MacDonald Cumberbatch
Women shown in ads as wives and mothers | Voiceovers mostly male though M&S food was seductive
27
McRobbie
Jackie focused on romance and getting man | Today teenage girls mags focus on sex, appearance, thin models etc.
28
Orbach and BMA
Link thin models with eating disorders
29
Wolf
Beauty myth
30
Coward
Women see their bodies as projects to be worked on
31
Males-media | Levi 501 launderette advert
First sexualisation of the male body
32
GQ and Esquire
New man
33
Nuts and FHM
New lad | Sex booze and birds
34
Gauntlett
Men's magazines mirror women's- advice on looking good and appealing to the opposite sex
35
Nixon
New man
36
Horizontal segregation
Men and women in stereotypical roles
37
Vertical segregation
Men in top jobs and women over represented at the bottom levels
38
Segal | Glass ceiling
Women can see the top jobs but cannot access them
39
Walby | Private sphere
Dominated by the woman at home
40
Dual identity
Today many married women occupy the domestic role and paid employment outside the home
41
Public sphere of workplace
Occupied by men and crucial to identity | Loss of job can threaten masculinity
42
Tolson and Mac An Ghaill
Crisis of masculinity when a man loses his job like The Full Monty
43
Adkins
Sexualisation of women is common in the workplace- expected to look attractive, engage in sexual banter and tolerate innuendos
44
Religion
Mostly patriarchal | Secular but still important to some faiths
45
Butler
Asian girls used Islam to negotiate their identity
46
Wood head
Muslim chic
47
Jacobson Religion Males
Marginalised Asian men look to their religion for a sense of identity