Class Identity

Question 0

Norms and values

Answer 0

BUT busy lifestyles

Question 1

Names

Answer 1

First names and double barrel

Question 2

Hyman

Answer 2

High educational value as want children to succeed

Question 3

Sugarman and Connor/Dewson

Answer 3

Deferred gratification and immediate gratification as a working class trait
Not many unskilled jobs available

Question 4

Scott and Chapman
Intermarriage between the upper class
Chapman

Answer 4

Independent education sector and public schools

Hogmanay

Question 5

Knowledge and understanding of education system as privileged choosers

Answer 5

Cultural capital which reinforces middle class identity

Question 6

Reay

Answer 6

Middle class mothers have more confidence and understanding of education

Question 7

Cater and Coleman

Answer 7

Risk of teenage mum 10x more likely if from an unskilled family as often come from similar backgrounds so may be accepted

Question 8

Bernstein

Answer 8

Speech code- elaborated and restricted

Question 9

Main influence of identity comes from school

ROKER

Answer 9

Prep and public go to top unis which promote conservatism, nationalism and acceptance of authority and hierarchy (ROKER SUPERIOR)

Question 10

Power et al

Answer 10

Close relationship between middle class children and achievement at school and places at good unis esp as schools see as measure of success

Question 11

Bordieu

Answer 11

Middle class go to uni like a fish in water but can be isolating and daunting for the working class

Question 12

Objective

Answer 12

Placed into class system by occupation

Question 13

Subjective

Answer 13

Placing yourself into a class system

Question 14

Marshall

For class

Answer 14

Most are still happy to identify themselves in a particular class- 90% of sample could and 60% already said they belonged to one

Question 15

Lifestyles and life changes

For class

Answer 15

Higher classes have better life styles and changes like education, health, housing, neighbourhood and employment

Question 16

Marshall et al

For class

Answer 16

Shapes people’s lives and most common/powerful source of social identity despite other sources growing in importance

Question 17

Devine

Answer 17

Agrees with Marshall et al

Class identities remain stronger than those based on things like shopping taste or leisure pursuit

Question 18

Marxists

For class

Answer 18

Class remains significant and there are still opportunities for WC to unite and overthrow capitalist MC

Question 19

Classless society e.g John Major

Against class

Answer 19

Society has become more meritocratic so there are few barriers for social mobility

Question 20

Blurred class boundaries 
Against class

Answer 20

Hard to tell where there is a division

Question 21

Postmodernists

Against class

Answer 21

Ceased to become a prime determinant of identity and societies are now organise around consumption

Question 22

Proletarian

Answer 22

Consumer society

Question 23

Dunleavy

Answer 23

Consumption cleavages which cut across class boundaries e.g homeowner cc, BMW cc

Question 24

Saunders

Answer 24

Social and economic divisions created by consumption cleavages 
BUT money-job-class distinctions (FINAL PARA FOR ESSAY)

Question 25

Hutton

Supports Saunders

Answer 25

Bottom 30% in society are materially disadvantaged

Question 26

Savage 
Combines class argument

Answer 26

Class is still important in lives and living standards but have weakened as relevance in wider society is recognised though people aren’t keen to depress personally

Question 27

Cultural comfort zone

Answer 27

Peer groups form around shared issues of members

Question 28

Scott

Peer group

Answer 28

Upper class developed a strong sense of their identity stemming from peer group

Question 29

Chapman

Answer 29

Public school, social scene and old boy network

Practices self closure and self recruitment

Question 30

Adler and Adler

Answer 30

Peer group extremely important in the lives of middle class adolescents

Question 31

John major

Answer 31

Society is classless as it is more meritocratic

Question 32

Postmodernists (proletarian)

Answer 32

Class has ceased to be a determinant of identity and societies are now organise around consumption

Question 33

Dunleavy

Answer 33

Consumption cleavages which cut across class boundaries e.g BMW owners

Question 34

Saunders

Answer 34

Consumption cleavages create social and economic divisions created by the way goods and services are consumed

Question 35

Hutton

Answer 35

Refers to the bottom 30% in society who are materially disadvantaged