Class Identity Flashcards
Norms and values
BUT busy lifestyles
Names
First names and double barrel
Hyman
High educational value as want children to succeed
Sugarman and Connor/Dewson
Deferred gratification and immediate gratification as a working class trait Not many unskilled jobs available
Scott and Chapman
Intermarriage between the upper class
Chapman
Independent education sector and public schools
Hogmanay
Knowledge and understanding of education system as privileged choosers
Cultural capital which reinforces middle class identity
Reay
Middle class mothers have more confidence and understanding of education
Cater and Coleman
Risk of teenage mum 10x more likely if from an unskilled family as often come from similar backgrounds so may be accepted
Bernstein
Speech code- elaborated and restricted
Main influence of identity comes from school
ROKER
Prep and public go to top unis which promote conservatism, nationalism and acceptance of authority and hierarchy (ROKER SUPERIOR)
Power et al
Close relationship between middle class children and achievement at school and places at good unis esp as schools see as measure of success
Bordieu
Middle class go to uni like a fish in water but can be isolating and daunting for the working class
Objective
Placed into class system by occupation
Subjective
Placing yourself into a class system
Marshall
For class
Most are still happy to identify themselves in a particular class- 90% of sample could and 60% already said they belonged to one
Lifestyles and life changes
For class
Higher classes have better life styles and changes like education, health, housing, neighbourhood and employment
Marshall et al
For class
Shapes people’s lives and most common/powerful source of social identity despite other sources growing in importance
Devine
Agrees with Marshall et al
Class identities remain stronger than those based on things like shopping taste or leisure pursuit
Marxists
For class
Class remains significant and there are still opportunities for WC to unite and overthrow capitalist MC
Classless society e.g John Major
Against class
Society has become more meritocratic so there are few barriers for social mobility
Blurred class boundaries Against class
Hard to tell where there is a division
Postmodernists
Against class
Ceased to become a prime determinant of identity and societies are now organise around consumption
Proletarian
Consumer society
Dunleavy
Consumption cleavages which cut across class boundaries e.g homeowner cc, BMW cc
Saunders
Social and economic divisions created by consumption cleavages BUT money-job-class distinctions (FINAL PARA FOR ESSAY)
Hutton
Supports Saunders
Bottom 30% in society are materially disadvantaged
Savage Combines class argument
Class is still important in lives and living standards but have weakened as relevance in wider society is recognised though people aren’t keen to depress personally
Cultural comfort zone
Peer groups form around shared issues of members
Scott
Peer group
Upper class developed a strong sense of their identity stemming from peer group
Chapman
Public school, social scene and old boy network
Practices self closure and self recruitment
Adler and Adler
Peer group extremely important in the lives of middle class adolescents
John major
Society is classless as it is more meritocratic
Postmodernists (proletarian)
Class has ceased to be a determinant of identity and societies are now organise around consumption
Dunleavy
Consumption cleavages which cut across class boundaries e.g BMW owners
Saunders
Consumption cleavages create social and economic divisions created by the way goods and services are consumed
Hutton
Refers to the bottom 30% in society who are materially disadvantaged
