Gender Differences In Growth Flashcards
Gender differences in growth & health patterns
- girls are easier to rehabilitate
- for almost all disease states, mortality is lower in women than in men
- life expectancy is greater in women than men
True
Gender differences in growth & health patterns
- for a similar chronological age, girls are always closer to maturity than boys
- girls are more resistant than boys to influences that might deflect them from their normal growth pattern
True
There are only small structural differences between boys and girls until the adolescent growth spurt
True
Gender differences in structural growth patterns
-after puberty, women have a greater proportion of total height above the waist, and therefore, sitting height is relatively greater in women
True
- after puberty, the ratio of shoulder width to hip width is relatively greater in men compared to women
- after puberty, lean body mass is approx 5% greater in men, while fat mass increases in women
True
There are racial differences in body proportions
True
Children are not miniature adults
True
Name some physical changes in growth
- change in size
- change in composition (%fat, %lean, %bone)
- change in kind (cartilage to bone)
- change in number (dentition 20 to 32)
- changes in body proportions
- changes in stance
- changes in thermo-regulation
From birth to maturity
- head increases 2 times
- trunk increases 3 times
- arms increase 4 times
- legs increase 5 times
True
As growth proceeds, the center of gravity shifts downward
Mens center of gravity is higher compared to women
True
From conception until puberty
- cephalo-caudal rule: growth gradients radiate down from the head (head-trunk-legs)
- early fetal growth: head is fastest growing
- infancy: trunk growth accelerates
- childhood: limb growth accelerates
- distal parts of the limbs are always in advance of the proximal segments
True
Timing of adolescent growth
- peak lean velocity follows PHV by about 4-5 months
- peak bone mineral velocity follows PHV by about 8-10 months
- peak strength velocity follows PHV by about 12 months
- menarche occurs about 1 year after PHV
True
Increase in fracture incidence during adolescence is the result of the dissociation between rapid bone expansion and bone mineralization
True
The dissociation between the timing of peak linear growth & peak bone mineral acquisition has clinical significance. During this short lag time of 8-10 months there is a temporary period of relative skeletal weakness. Adolescent fracture incidence is at a peak during this period
True
