An Intro To Human Growth Flashcards
Changes in size are due to 3 key factors. What are they?
Hyperplasia, hypertrophy & accretion
Define growth
Change in size and shape of the whole or parts of the individual
Define hyperplasia
Increase in cell number
Define hypertrophy
Increase in cell size
Define accretion
Increase in intracellular substances
Define maturation. Is it an internal or external body process?
The process of progression towards a mature state. Internal body process
Define adaptation. Is it an internal or external body process?
The result of the body’s accommodation or adjustment to the immediate environment. External body process
What 3 key factors control growth processes?
Genes, hormones & environment
Name the lifespan stages
- Pre-natal
- Birth
- Post-natal
- Childhood
- Adolescence
- Adulthood
- Senescence
- Death
Name the developmental stages ( post- natal)
- Neonatal (birth to end of week 4)
- Infancy (week 5 to end of year 1)
- Early childhood (yr 2 til yr 6)
- Middle childhood (yr 7 til yr 10)
- Late childhood (pre pubertal)
- Adolescence (puberty to maturity, approx 5 yrs duration)
Define anthropometry
Measurement techniques used to describe & measure growth
What do we measure in relation to growth?
- Size (height, lengths, breadths, circumferences)
- Composition (weight, fat % , lean muscle %,)
- Shape & proportion (physique type, somatotype- endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph)
- Maturation (maturational age- skeletal, somatic, secondary sex stages)
Define allometry
When one variable increases at a different rate to another. For example increase in height is quicker than increase in mass
Define Auxology
The study of growth (auxo is Greek for “grow”)
To derive a velocity curve to look at individual growth you need longitudinal data. True or false?
True
Cross sectional studies have a few different names (for the same thing). What are they?
Cross sectional analyses
Transversal studies
Prevalence study
What is a cross sectional study?
Experimenting on a wide range of age groups all at once
What is a longitudinal study?
Repeated measurements on the same subjects at different ages, followed over time
Human growth
Approx 20-25% of our lifespan is spent growing
Growth is species specific
Long period of infant dependency
We are learning not instinctive creatures
The adolescent growth spurt is far more intense in humans than any other primates
True
The first published study of human growth was conducted by Count De Montbeillard in france (1707-1788)
True
Height and weight growth charts
W.H.O (world health organisation)
C.D.C (centre for disease control)
A.P.E.G (australasian pediatric endocrine group)
True
What does anthropometry mean?
Anthropo = man
Metry = measure
The Measure of Man.
What dos anthropology mean?
Anthropo = man Ology = study
Therefore it is the study of man
