Gender+ Child+ Needs Flashcards
Def of sex and gender and sex orientation
Sex refers to biologically linked features or distinct that determined by chromosomal info
Gender refers to integrated cognitive, social, and emotional scheme related to being male or female
Sex orientation:
Refer to a person’s preference for and attract to sexual imitate partners
Difference between man and woman
Brain-
Male had more white matter that transmit signals from brain to boody
Woman has more nerve bundle between two part or brains, meaning of girls have stronger learning language and communication skills.
Emotion in brain
Male -emotion is processed in area linked to action
Female- emotion process in area linked to speech
Girl expose to more androgen in prenatal period will have more masculinity act.
Prefer a more masculine toy
Male career
Socialization
Process of us learning how to act appropriately as a member of particular party
Agent of socialization:
Family, educational system, mass media
Masculinity: active, aggressive, appealing to female.
Feminity: passive, dependant, appealing to male
Gender can be treated as a category but not a binary
Can be destroyed
Infancy 0-2
Most developed is medulla and mid brain
Neurons are all produced at birth
Synapses fast creation but
1. Redundant synapses killed
2. Responds to experiences of that infant
3. Retain at the most efficient way
Reflex:
startle reflex: throw arm outward when been startled
Barbinski reflex: spread their toes when touch foot
Bd sight, only focused object within 10” distance
Cognitive: between assimilation and accomodation
Sensory:
Begin to recognise the existence of world outside of themselves,
Speech:qd
Under/over- gratification will leads to abnormal personalities
Erikson psychosocial:
Trust or mistrust
Trust the world if care giver fulfilled her needs but cynical if care giver do not
Attachment theory
Secure
Using care giver as secure base to exploration
Protesting for care-giver’s departure
Comforted when return
Anxious avoidant
Showing less affection on care-giver’s depart and return
Anxious anbivalent
Failing to use care giver as an secure base
Disstressed when care giver departure
Angry when return
Disorganised
Disoriented behavior
Early childhood
Physical
1. Gain 2-3” per year
2. Weight gain 6 pound per year
3. Advance in using big muscle
Brain
1.Cognitive function become highly specialised, start having lateralization.
2. 95% people is left brain dominant
Cognitive development-preoperarional age
Begin to use symbols
No concept of conservation
Egocentrism
Language development
2-3 words
Better use of inflections (ed ing)
Over regularized
Social and personality
Satisfaction around anus, toilet training
Oedipus complex
Play age autonomy vs shame
Toddler initiative vs guilt
Attachment theory-
Understand relationship, that still exist even they are not physically close.
4 styles of parenting
1. Authoritarian-high expect low love
Child low self-esteem, less interactive skills.
2. Permissive - no expect high love
Child worse at school, more aggressive and immature, less responsibility.
3. Authoritative-high control and acceptance, clear expectation
Child high self-esteem, independance, compliance.
4. Uninvolved-low expectation, low love
Child have difficulties forming relationship with others, more impulsive, less competent at school
Middle childhood
Physical development
Further improvement in motor skills
Hand-eye coordination
Fine motor coordination
Brain and nervous
Growth of synapses
Increase efficiency of neuron function
Cognitive stage 3 concrete operational age
Understand reversibility
Using inductive logic.
Literacy-
Phonological awareness-awareness of different speech
Understand component of words
Social & personality development
Freud- latency stage- develop relationship with same sex peers
Erikson- stage 4- industry vs inferiority
Family relationships
Children at this age enjoy higher level of independence from family
Understand family role and relationship better
Friendship-
Better understanding concept of friendship-trust, emotional support
Gender segregation, opposite gender stereotyping
Boys have more competitive friend relationship
Girl is more of agreement, self disclosure
Humanistic theory
Needs have higher order
Goal is maximising our potential
Maslow’s hierachy of needs
Lower needs- physiological, homeostatic needs
Higher-
Safety-protection from pain or fear, anxiety
Social- love, social acceptance, identity
Esteem- achievements, approval
Self-actualisation- growth, realisation of potential and capacity
