Gender Bias and Cultural Bias Flashcards
What is universality?
The belief that psychological findings can be applied to all, despite differences in time, culture or experiences.
What is androcentrism?
From a male perspective which ignores the truth of other’s experience. Female behaviour is under-represented and misunderstood.
What is alpha bias?
When researchers misrepresent behaviour because they over estimate or exaggerate the difference between men and women.
What is beta bias?
When researchers misrepresent behaviour because differences between the sexes are ignored or minimised.
How can a researcher be aware of their own gender biases?
Open research up to scrutiny from people of other genders.
How can a researcher actively guard against gender biases?
Work to balance the effect of the bias, and take on board feedback to help you remove bias from your work.
What is cultural bias?
Assuming the universality of explanations for behaviour, but ignoring cultural differences.
What is ethnocentrism?
Viewing all cultures from the perspective from within one’s own culture. The ‘norm’ is set as the researcher’s own culture; any deviation is seen as abnormal - this may devalue other cultures.
What is emic research?
Research done within a cultural group and is assumed to apply only in that cultural group.
What is etic?
A theoretical idea that is assumed to apply in all cultural groups (applied universally).
What is imposed etic?
Where a culture-specific idea (which should be seen as emic) is wrongly imposed on another culture.
What is cultural relativism?
Acknowledging that behaviour derives its meaning from the cultural context in which it occurs.
