Gender Bias

Question 1

universality

Answer 1

the aim to develop theories that apply to all people, which may include real differences

Question 2

gender bias

Answer 2

the differential treatment/representation of females and males, based on stereotypes and not real differences

Question 3

androcentrism

Answer 3

theories which are centred/focused on males, often to neglect or exclude women

Question 4

alpha bias

Answer 4

• tendency to exaggerate differences between women and men
• consequence: devalue one gender in comparison to the other

Question 5

Beta Bias

Answer 5

• tendency to ignore or minimise differences between men and women
• consequence: ignore questions about the lives of women

Question 6

examples of alpha bias

Answer 6

• Freud psychoanalysis, viewing women as the weaker sex and having ‘penis envy’
• Lombroso: women naturally jealous, passive, and low intelligence

Question 7

examples of beta bias

Answer 7

• fight or flight same for both, but Taylor et al. women ‘tend and befriend’ too
• Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning: based on boys and men but generalised to women