gender bias

Question 1

defintion

Answer 1

refers to misrepresentation in attitudes and beliefs based on prejudice or pre existing ideas concerning gender
e.g women belied to be more nurturing then men

Question 2

alpha bias

Answer 2

refers to theories which exaggerate differences between men and women

these may enhance or undervalue members of either sex, typically undervalue females

Question 3

beta bias

Answer 3

refers to theories which ignore or minimise sex differnces
often assume findings from males can apply equally to females
issue when all ppts are male

GENERLISAIGNG

Question 4

examples of alpha bias

Answer 4

evolutioneryr explanations

evolutions explains the human need to surive and therefore reproduce
provides an explanation of how males and females are innately different to help their adpatiaon to roles which could aid surival of theri offspring
e.g males tend to be more dominant females have more empathy and parnetal investment ito aid the survical of tehir offsrping

Question 5

example of beta bias

Answer 5

asch
research into conformity involved all male sample and this demonstrated beta bias
assumed that females would repond in same way to males therefore show same rates of conformity
however, most recent replications by Mori and Arai show gender differences in conformity rates and therefore demonstrates beta bias
research ignores gender difefrences through assumption that females would behave the same thus supporting the argument that the research provides a complete undertanding of conformity

Question 6

a03 for gender bias

Answer 6

FLOPP

femisinist psychologists hae proposed how gender bias can be avoided
Worrell and Renner have put forward a set of critiers which reserchers should follow in order to avoid gender bias
suggest that women should be studied within real life contects adn whould participats in research rather then being objects of study

strength because this way of doing resaerch is less gender biased then lab-based rersearch

problems in psychological research
may create misleading assumptions about female behaviour and validiate discriminatory practices
may porvide scitenific justifcation to deny women opportunities within the work place

promotes sexisim within research process
females remain underepresnted in uni departments particualr science
psychology undergraduate intake is mainly female, but lectures are mainly males
means reseach is most liekly to be conducted by men
e.g male researcher may assume that women will be unable to complete complex tasks and assumptions
expectation may mean women may underperfrom in studies

weakness cause means psychology may be guilt of supporting

Question 7

culture bias

Answer 7

refers to a tendacy to ignore cultural differences and interpret all phenomena through lens of ones own culture

Question 8

etic construct

Answer 8

looks at behaviours outside of a given culture and attemots to descibe behaviours that are universal

Question 9

emic consturct

Answer 9

looks within/inside cutkures and identifieds behaviours which are speciifc to that cukture

Question 10

thnocentrism

Answer 10

judging other cultures by standards and vaues of ones own culture

Question 11

exmaple of ehtnocentrism

Answer 11

ainsworth SS