gender bias

Question 1

what is beta bias

Answer 1

differences between the genders are minimized

Question 2

what is alpha bias

Answer 2

assuming there is some kind of difference

Question 3

examples of beta bias

Answer 3

Milgram
Asch
Zimbardo
flight response
because they are all based on androcentric samples (all males)

Question 4

Milgram

Answer 4

the conclusion reached about legitimate authority/agentic state does it apply to females so if I was gonna repeat Milgram’s piece of research with females and I find something different does that mean that females become abnormal

Question 5

Zimbardo

Question 6

flight or response

Question 7

why is beta bias an issue

Answer 7

in relation to androcentric pieces of research this is because most pieces of research that were done using male samples because at that time period these were the only samples available when using undergraduate students, that were mainly a population of males at this time so we don’t know much about how females will react in certain situations
the issue is that if a female reacts differently do we start seeing them as abnormal

Question 8

what is an example of alpha bias

Answer 8

Freuds
the idea of his conceptualization of the psychosexual stages in particularly the phallic stage of development and the idea that males will have to resolve this Oedipus complex this is alpha bias as he never considered what happened to females we wouldn’t talk about the Electra complex but wasn’t an idea Freud came up with so we have the idea men and women are different and resolve this stage differently because they are different genders

Question 9

another example of alpha bias

Answer 9

Bowlby
he never explicitly stated the idea that the primary caregiver had to be the mother it was very much orientated towards the idea that it was the mother was the primary caregiver
now we know and can link this to ethical implications of the consequences because of the pressure placed on the mother, the idea the father can’t be the primary caregiver because he isn’t biologically equipped to be this

Question 10

gender bias

Answer 10

refers to the notion that research or theory may offer a view that does not justifiably represent the experience and/or behaviour of men or women individually or specifically

Question 11

androcentrism

Answer 11

behaviours, societies, or situations that focus, empathize, and are controlled by a male perspective

Question 12

alpha bias -

Answer 12

the differences between men and women are exaggerated

Question 13

beta bias

Answer 13

ignore or minimise sex differences

Question 14

creates a…..

Answer 14

creates a lack of universality
(the tendency to assume that one’s personal
qualities and characteristics, including
attitudes and values, are common in the
general social group or culture)

Question 15

Universality

Answer 15

the idea that there are a range of psychological characteristics of human beings that can
be applied to all of us despite differences of experiences, upbringing, gender or cultural background.

Question 16

Gender Bias

Answer 16

is a misrepresentation of the gender differences and similarities between males and females. Psychology is argued to be Androcentric, having a biased view of psychology, taking a masculine perspective with male behaviour as “normal”. This is due to psychology being historically conducted by men and on male samples

Question 17

Alpha bias

Answer 17

is the exaggeration of gender differences and Beta Bias is the minimisation of gender differences

Question 18

WEIRD

Answer 18

Henrich (2010) psychological findings are argued to be universal but are conducted on WEIRD participants
Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, Democratic. 68 percent of research subjects in a sample of hundreds of studies in leading psychology journals came from the United States, and 96% from Western
industrialized nations.

Question 19

psychology is changing

Answer 19

Psychology is changing, with the increased prominence of female psychology researchers such as Loftus
and Ainsworth and the majority of studies now conducted controlling for gender. However a significant
amount of influential historical studies such as Asch and Milgram and Zimbardo only contained male
participants.