culture bias Flashcards
cultural relativism
bad thing- that can it can only apply to one culture and not other cultures then it is not a universal theory
good thing- in some ways you need to study a culture from within a culture that’s to say we might want to use an emic approach to study in that culture
Ainsworth strange situation
applied by van Ijzendoorn when they looked at the meta analysis when they looked at the strange situation among a number of different cultures and obviously found some variations within variations within cultures
the problem is the idea of an imposed etic
what was the issue with Ainsworth strange situation
the ethnocentric ideas and western ideas of what attachment should look like so when we get variations in Germany where we see more insecure avoidant that made people think Germans are in the wrong of how they raised their children but this was not the casee they just took a cultural relativist approach . WHEN, its just because they foster independence in their child rearing which is a +ve thing it is not right for us to label it as insecure avoidant as a -ve thing is an issue
universality
the idea that a theory can be applied to all regardless of gender and culture
links to the idiographic and nomothetic approach about how
cultural bias
the phenomenon of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards
inherent to one’s own culture which then leaves other cultures “abnormal’
by comparison
ethnocentrism
evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions
originating in the standards and customs of
one’s own culture.
cultural relativism
the view that attitudes,
behaviours. values, concepts, and achievements must be understood in the light of their own cultural milieu and not judged according to the standards of a different culture
imposed etic
when an observer attempts to
generalise observations from one culture to
another
failure to study culturally diverse samples then leads to lack of universality again
cultural bias
is researchers judging other cultures from the researchers cultural perspective/values, this is due to Ethnocentrism when the researcher takes their own cultural behaviour as “normal” Cultural
relativism suggests behaviours can only be understood from the perspective of its cultural context.
exmaples
Some researchers are attempting to represent cultural differences in behaviour such as Buss including 37 cultures in his study on mate preferences. There is also an increase in indigenous psychology, with
researchers from varying cultures investigating their own cultures.
examples
The majority of research is likely to continue over-representing American college students in research due
to the ease of obtaining opportunity samples in American universities.
