Gender and Social Movements

Question 1

How is a social movement explained by Sidney Tarrow

Answer 1

“Collective challenges by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained inteeraction with elites, opponents and authorities”

Question 2

What types of social movements are there?

Answer 2

Revolutionary: dedicated to revolutionary reforms and gaining som control of the government
Reformative: look to make minor changes to society rather than major, radical changes
Consverative: oppose other social movements that are fighting for change. Wants to preserve exisiting values and norms
Redemptive: radical movements that are focused on the individual

Question 3

What has oftened happened when women assert power and ask for equality?

Answer 3

it has almost always been percieved as dangerous

Question 4

What did feminism as a grass root movement play a key role in?

Answer 4

Rising gender issues in society, science, politics and culture

Question 5

What kind of strategies have been used to marginalise feminism?

Answer 5

Stereotyping, caricaturing. Building an idea that feminists are extremists who wants to see women above men

Question 6

Who have been leading feminists of the past?

Answer 6

Mary Wollstonecraft. Marie le Jars de Gournay

Question 7

How many waves of feminism are there?

Answer 7

3. Alternatively 4

Question 8

What was the first wave of feminism?

Answer 8

1840-1925 in Europa and the US. It was the suffragete movments. It was a branch of anti-slavery movement who seeked voting rights for women, as well as other political rights at the time

Question 9

What was the 2nd wave of feminism?

Answer 9

1960-1990. The desire to articulate fundamental political rights in economic and social terms in terms of reconciling relations between women and men

Question 10

What was the 3rd wave of feminism?

Answer 10

Emerged in 1980-1990 among academics and activists. Stronger voices of women of colour. Influenced by postmodernism, queer theory etc. It came as a response to contradictions of the 2nd wave. Focus on embracing individualism and diversity

Question 11

How did the women in the 1st wave of feminism come together?

Answer 11

they organised women’s organisations

Question 12

What are one of the causes of the 1st wave of feminism?

Answer 12

Urbanisation and industrialisation in the Western world created dramatic changes in the workplace, the family, and the lives of women and men

Question 13

In which countries did the suffragette movement come from?

Answer 13

Mainly UK and US

Question 14

What did often the suffragette movement face?

Answer 14

Criminalisation and strong opposition

Question 15

Who were usually the women fighting in the suffragette movement?

Answer 15

Middle class women who wanted voting, employment and education rights. They had usually a normative notion of femininity

Question 16

Give examples of Suffragette organisations that sprung up

Answer 16

AWSA: American Woman Suffrage Association
NAWSA: Natinoal American Woman Suffrage Assocation

Question 17

Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

Answer 17

A black rights activist and the first apostle of feminism. She fought against slavery of women

Question 18

Who was Emmeline Pankhurst?

Answer 18

She was the leader of the British suffrage movement

Question 19

What was the anti-suffrage movement?

Answer 19

Feared domination of women and femininity of men. Published postcards of gloomy future of humanity when women gain civil and political rights

Question 20

In which country did women get voting rights first?

Answer 20

New Zealand in 1893

Question 21

What did the first wave of feminism achieve?

Answer 21

Women got the right to vote, and to be elected. Could, theoretically, study with men. Women started working in factories, offices and public places, but for low paid wages. Women were still stigmatised in this new spaces

Question 22

What was the goals of the 2nd wave of feminism?

Answer 22

Civil rights. Included a wide range of issues such as sexuality, family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, official legal inequalities. Focused on critisising the patriarchal institutions and cultural practices in society. Also drew attention to domestic violence and marital rape

Question 23

Who were the people of the 2nd wave of feminism?

Answer 23

Very often students. It was a student movement

Question 24

In 2nd wave of feminism, socialist feminism emerged, what is it?

Answer 24

A socialist vision of the humanistic world the redistribution of goods and the abolition of the seperation between the ruling class and the ruling

Question 25

What are we talking about when we talk about radical feminism in 2nd wave?

Answer 25

Seing women’s reproductive rights, rape, prostitution, marriage etc. as instruments of patriarchal oppression

Question 26

Sometimes we talk about a 4th wave of feminism. What is it?

Answer 26

began around 2012. Focus on empowerment of women and the use of internet tools (justice against assault, harassment, #MeToo). Centered around intersectionality. Fight against the system of power. Equal work and equal opportunities

Question 27

What is post-feminism?

Answer 27

A critique of 2nd or 3rd wave of feminism. Thinking that feminism has gone beyond “difference” and binary thinking

Question 28

What is anti-feminism/anti-gender?

Answer 28

A movement that stresses an importance to traditional gender roles and hierarchies. Usually nationalistic and homophobic. Often brings out the idea that gender equality already exists. This movement is often associated with far-right and questions liberal democracy

Question 29

What are profeminists?

Answer 29

A term often used for men who supports feminism, and who believe that expansion of women’s rights also benefit men.

Question 30

What is known as the starting point for the LGBTQ+ movement?

Answer 30

Stonewall uprising in 1969. Then we get the Gay Liberation Movement who fought for sexual liberation, while creating a seperate gay culture for safety

Question 31

How was lesbians facing two types of oppression?

Answer 31

Being homosexual was outlawed, but also being a woman was problematic in the patriarchal society