Gender and Culture Bias Flashcards
what is Gender Bias
Gender bias is the lack of understanding between genders by psychologists
Androcentrism
The man’s behavior is the norm and any deviation by the woman is deemed abnormal
Alpha Bias
When differences between men and women are exaggerated
Beta Bias
When differences between men and women are ignored- e.g., in Asch and Milgram when findings were just generalized
Feminist viewpoint
It is a good thing women can be now used in meaningful research which may challenge stereotypes
Freuds study
Said that women have a lower moral development than men which may further impact views on women
Reflexivity
The self-reflection- seen as a good thing in gender bias because researchers can reflect on their own bias and then further shape their research upon that- personally shape it for future
Underrepresented females in university departments
Although in the psychology department in particular there is more female students, there is more male lectures, this could lead to alpha bias.
A counterpoint to this would be there is a rise in female psychologists such as Loftus and Ainsworth
Unpublished Research when it comes to gender bias
A limitation would be research on gender bias is not funded enough. This means that scholars are less aware and less published about gender bias
Joel
Brains scans show no difference in the brain between men and women
counterpoint- does not mean psychologists should stop studying the brain as long as biological differences are not exaggerated and other factors such as socialization or stereotyping
Maccoby and Jacklin
Suggest that woman have more verbal and men more spatial.
What is culture bias?
When other cultures are failed to be considered in research
Cultural Relativism
All can be understood if viewed at different cultural standpoints
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one’s culture is better than other leads to alpha and beta bias
Universality
Aim to find common themes between all cultures so can be generalized
A03= Gould IQ
One limitation is Goulds IQ test for the American army leads to discrimination because Westernized questions lead to African Americans coming out at the lower end- causing racism and assumptions towards them
a03= Sampling Problems when it comes to cultural bias
-shown that 67% of participants are American psychology students across studies.
- an American is shown to be 4000 times more likely to be picked than a random non westerner
-Not valid on a worldwide scale
Sampling Problems when it comes to cultural bias
-shown that 67% of participants are American psychology students across studies.
- an American is shown to be 4000 times more likely to be picked than a random non westerner
-Not valid on a worldwide scale
Relativism vs Universality
- Cross cultural research has allowed us to understand different cultures more. It is beneficial to acknowledge that individualist views are social and not biological
-for example, interactional synchrony is universal, but child rearing practices measure attachment
Globalization
Are collectiveness cultures even collectivist anymore?
Underrepresented
Aggression is favored in Amazon tribe but negative in western culture, marginalize the different cultures in the world. Cannot generalise
Shaped by culture (cohen)
The emergence of new social sciences such as Sociology, Anthropology and politics to debate on different cultural experiences across the board
